chap 36 Flashcards
why is nutrition important
- growth & development
- tissue repair & maintenance
- cellular metabolism
- organ function
- life
basal metabolic rate
energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest
increase BMR
- growth
- infection
- fever
- extreme environment temps
- emotional tension
- hormone levels
decrease BMR
- prolonged fasting
- prolonged sleeping
risk factors for poor nutritional status
- chewing and swallowing difficulties
- tight budget
- living alone and eating alone
- physical disabilities/state of health
- medications
- drug use
- gender
- dental problems
- neurologic/cognitive impairments
- oral/GI surgeries
- development
nursing interventions for optimal nutrition
- reinforce info from dietician
- eating encouraged atmosphere
- assist w/ eating
- monitor appetite/food intake
- administer enteral/parenteral feedings
- consult PCP dietician
- educate client
- stimulate appetite
orthodox jew considerations
- kosher foods
- avoid meet and dairy
mormon considerations
avoid alcohol/tobacco/caffeine
muslim consideration
fast all day during Ramadan
patients w/ visual impairments
may need food identified by location (plate is clock)
therapeutic diets
- consistent carbs
- fat restricted
- high fiber
- low fiber
- sodium restricted
- renal diet
consistent carb diet
- total daily carb content is consistent
- type 1 & 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance
fat restricted diet
- diet w/ limited fats
- cholecystitis, cardiovascular disease
high fiber diet
- add fresh uncooked fruits, steamed veggies, bran, oatmeal, dried fruits
- prevent/treat IBS
low fiber diet
- low-residue foods that pass easily through digestive system
- before surgery, ulcerative colitis, chron’s
sodium restricted diet
- low in sodium-rich foods and seasoning
- HTN, HF, renal disease, liver disease
renal diet
- low protein, low sodium, low potassium, low phosphate
- various kidney diseases
modified consistency diet
- clear liquid
- full liquid
- mechanical soft
- pureed
clear liquid for
- prep for bowel surgery
- GI disorder
- post-op
full liquid for
post-op advancing diet
mechanical soft for
- chewing/swallowing difficulties
- after surgery to head/neck/mouth
pureed for
- after oral/facial surgery
- swallowing/chewing difficulties
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia complications
- increased mortality
- increased stay
- aspiration
- chest infection
- compromised nutritional status
- overall disability
