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NUR 231 Exam 1 > chap 24 > Flashcards

chap 24 Flashcards

1
Q

explain the infection cycle

A

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portals of entry, susceptible host

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2
Q

stages of infection

A

incubation period, prodromal stage, full stage of illness, convalescent period

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3
Q

incubation period

A

interval between pathogen’s invasion & the appearance of symptoms (length may vary)

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4
Q

prodromal stage

A

most infectious stage, early signs and symptoms of disease are present (hours-days)

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5
Q

full stage of illness

A

presence of infection-specific signs & symptoms

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6
Q

convalescent period

A

recovery from the infection, signs, and symptoms disappear

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7
Q

nursing interventions used to break the chain of infection

A

aseptic techniques

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8
Q

ex of aseptic techniques

A

hand hygiene, identify signs of infection, maintain nutrition intake, proper disposal, cleansing&disinfecting techniques, adhere to infection control precautions

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9
Q

situations in which hand hygiene is indicated

A
  • before touching a patient
  • before clean/aseptic procedure
  • after body fluid exposure risk
  • after touching a patient
  • after touching patient’s surroundings
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10
Q

multidrug-resistant organisms prevalent in health-care

A
  • MRSA
  • VRSA
  • CRE
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11
Q

nursing diagnoses for a patient who has/is @ risk for infection

A
  • deficient fluid volume
  • risk for infection
  • readiness for enhanced knowledge
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12
Q

risk for infection

A

changes in peristalsis and skin integrity, inadequate vaccination, malnutrition, stasis of body fluid

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13
Q

strategies for implementing CDC guidelines for standard precautions

A

cough etiquette, safe injection practices, directions to use a mask

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14
Q

strategies for implementing CDC guidelines for transmission-based precautions

A

PPE when entering and removal when leavinb

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15
Q

types of transmission-based precautions

A

droplet, contact, airborne

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16
Q

surgical asepsis

A
  • sterile to sterile only
  • open sterile away from body
  • avoid spilling on sterile field
  • sterile above waist line
  • avoid talking/coughing/sneezing over sterile field
  • injectables sterile
  • outer 1 in of field in unsterile
17
Q

medical asepsis

A
  • hand hygiene
  • no soiled bed linens on floor
  • avoid raising dust
  • pour liquid down drain
  • personal grooming
18
Q

susceptibility depends on

A
  • integrity of skin
  • pH level
  • sex, age, race, heredity
  • WBC count
  • pre-existing illnesses
  • fatigue
  • nutritional/general health status
19
Q

who is more vulnerable to infection

A

neonate and older adults

20
Q

infectious agent

A

bacteria, fungi, virus

21
Q

reservoir

A

natural habitat of organism

22
Q

most common infection causing agent in health care system

A

bacteria

23
Q

viruses respond to antibiotics (T/F)

A

false

24
Q

other people reservoir

A

HIV, AIDS, hepatitis

25
Q

animal reservoir

A

rabies, west nile, zika virus

26
Q

soil reservoir

A

gas gangrene, tetanus

27
Q

food, water, milk reservoir

A

giardia, e.coli, shigella, salmonella

28
Q

common portals of exit

A
  • respiratory
  • gastrointestinal
  • genitourinary
  • breaks in skin
  • blood
29
Q

microorganism less than 5 mcm

A

airborne

30
Q

microorganism more than 5 mcm

A

droplet

31
Q

when to wash hands with soap and water

A
  • visibly dirty
  • exposed to spore forming organisms like C-Diff
  • contact with body fluids
32
Q

signs of acute infection

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • heat
  • pain
  • loss of function
33
Q

signs of systemic infection

A
  • fever
  • nausea/vomiting
  • malaise
  • confusion
  • decreased LOC
34
Q

lab data indicating infection

A
  • elevated WBC count
  • increase in specific types of white blood cells
  • elevated RBC sedimentation rate
  • pathogen presence in urine, blood, sputum, etc
35
Q

medical asepsis term

A

clean technique

36
Q

surgical asepsis term

A

sterile technique

NUR 231 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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