chap 24 Flashcards
explain the infection cycle
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portals of entry, susceptible host
stages of infection
incubation period, prodromal stage, full stage of illness, convalescent period
incubation period
interval between pathogen’s invasion & the appearance of symptoms (length may vary)
prodromal stage
most infectious stage, early signs and symptoms of disease are present (hours-days)
full stage of illness
presence of infection-specific signs & symptoms
convalescent period
recovery from the infection, signs, and symptoms disappear
nursing interventions used to break the chain of infection
aseptic techniques
ex of aseptic techniques
hand hygiene, identify signs of infection, maintain nutrition intake, proper disposal, cleansing&disinfecting techniques, adhere to infection control precautions
situations in which hand hygiene is indicated
- before touching a patient
- before clean/aseptic procedure
- after body fluid exposure risk
- after touching a patient
- after touching patient’s surroundings
multidrug-resistant organisms prevalent in health-care
- MRSA
- VRSA
- CRE
nursing diagnoses for a patient who has/is @ risk for infection
- deficient fluid volume
- risk for infection
- readiness for enhanced knowledge
risk for infection
changes in peristalsis and skin integrity, inadequate vaccination, malnutrition, stasis of body fluid
strategies for implementing CDC guidelines for standard precautions
cough etiquette, safe injection practices, directions to use a mask
strategies for implementing CDC guidelines for transmission-based precautions
PPE when entering and removal when leavinb
types of transmission-based precautions
droplet, contact, airborne
surgical asepsis
- sterile to sterile only
- open sterile away from body
- avoid spilling on sterile field
- sterile above waist line
- avoid talking/coughing/sneezing over sterile field
- injectables sterile
- outer 1 in of field in unsterile
medical asepsis
- hand hygiene
- no soiled bed linens on floor
- avoid raising dust
- pour liquid down drain
- personal grooming
susceptibility depends on
- integrity of skin
- pH level
- sex, age, race, heredity
- WBC count
- pre-existing illnesses
- fatigue
- nutritional/general health status
who is more vulnerable to infection
neonate and older adults
infectious agent
bacteria, fungi, virus
reservoir
natural habitat of organism
most common infection causing agent in health care system
bacteria
viruses respond to antibiotics (T/F)
false
other people reservoir
HIV, AIDS, hepatitis
