Chap 3 Bones Flashcards
0
Q
Myel/o
A
Spinal cord
1
Q
Oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o
A
Bones
2
Q
Chondr/o
A
Cartilage
3
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joints
4
Q
Ligament/o
A
Ligaments
5
Q
Synovi/o, synov/o
A
Synovial fluid
6
Q
Burs/o
A
Bursa
7
Q
Ossification
A
Process of turnin into bone 3 months baby
8
Q
Periosteum
A
Tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
Peri- surrounding
Oste- bone
9
Q
Compact bone
A
Also know as cortical bone
dense, hard, very strong bone that forma protective outer layer of bones
10
Q
Spongy bone
A
Known as cancellous bone
Lighter, not as strong,
Commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones
Red bone marrow is located with spongy bone
11
Q
Medullary cavity
A
Central cavity located in the shaft of long bone
Medullary means pertaining to inner section
12
Q
Endosteum
A
The tissue that lines the medullary cavity
End- within
Oste- bone
Um- noun ending
13
Q
Red bone marrow
A
Located within spongy bone,
Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
14
Q
Hemopoietic
A
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
Hem/o- blood
Poietic- pertaining to formation
15
Q
Yellow bone marrow
A
Fat storage area, composed of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones
16
Q
Cartilage
A
Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue, shock absorber between bones, more elastic then bone
17
Q
Articular cartilage
A
Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
Makes move joint movement possible and protects the bone from rubbing agains each other
18
Q
Meniscus
A
The curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw
19
Q
Diaphysis
A
Shaft of a long bone
20
Q
Epiphyses
A
Wider ends of long bone
Covered with articular cartilage
21
Q
Foramen
A
Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
22
Q
Process
A
Normal projection on the surface of a bone
Most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon
Sticks out
23
Q
Joints
A
Also known as articulations
Place of union between two or more bones
24
Fibrous joints
Consisting of inflexible later o dense connective tissue,
Hold bones tightly together
In adults known as sultures
Do not allow any movement
25
Fontanelles
Known as the soft spots
| Normally present on the skull of a newborn
26
Cartilaginous joints
Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
27
Synovial joints
Where two bones articulate to permit a verity of motions
28
Two types of synovial joints
Ball and socket joints - allow. Wide range of movement in many directions
Hinge joints - allow movement primarily in one direction or plane
29
Synovial capsule
Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue
| Resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint
30
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
31
Synovial fluid
Flows within the synovial cavity
| Acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible
32
Ligaments
Are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone cartilage
33
Bursa
Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction
34
Axial skeleton
Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
80 bones
35
Appendicular skeleton
Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
126 bones
36
Skull
8 bones that form cranium
14 bones the form the face,
6 bones in the middle ear
37
Cranium
Portion of skull that protects the brain
38
Frontal bone
Forms the forehead
39
Parental bones
Form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium
40
Occipital bone
Back part of the skull
41
Temporal bones
Sides and base of cranium
42
External auditory meats
Outer ear
43
Sphenoid bone
Bone at base of skull
| Makes contact with all of the other cranial bones
44
Ethmoid bone
Ought spongy located at the tood and sides of the nose
45
Nasal bones
Form upper part of the bridge of the nose
46
Zygomatic bones
Cheekbones
47
Maxillary bones
Form upper jaw
48
Palatine bones
Form anterior part of hard palate of the mouth and floor of nose
49
Lacrimal bones
Make up part of the orbit (eye sockey( at the inner angle
50
Inferior conchae
Thin, scroll like bones that form part of the interior of the nose
51
Vomer bone
Forms the base for the nasal septum
52
Mandible
Jawbone
53
Thoracic cavity
Rib cage
| Protects heart and lungss
54
Ribs
Costals (12)
1-7- true ribs
8-10 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs
55
Sternum
Breast bone
56
Manubrium
Bone structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
57
Body of the sternum
Bone structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum
58
Xiphoid process
Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
59
Pectoral girdle
Supports the arms and hands
| Shoulder griddle
60
Clavicle
Collar bone
61
Scapula
Shoulder blade
62
Acromion
Extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
63
Humerus
Bones of the upper arm
64
radius
Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm
65
Ulna
Larger and longer bone of the forearm
66
Olecranon process
Funny bone
| Large projection on the upper end of the ulna
67
Carpals
(8) carpals form wrist
68
Metacarpal
5 bones that form palms and hand
69
Phalanges
14 bones of the fingers
70
Spinal column
Vertebral column
Supports head and body
26 vertebrae
71
Body of vertebrae
Anterior portion o vertebrae
| Provide strength
72
Lamina
Posterior portion of vertebrae
73
Vertebral foranen
Opening in the middle of the vertebrae
74
Intervertebral disks
Seperate and cushion the vertebrae form each other
75
Cervical vertebrae
C1-C7
| First set of 7 vertebrae form the neck
76
Thoracic vetebrae
T1-T12
| Second set of 12 vertebrae
77
Lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
| Make up the third set of 5 vertebrae
78
Sacrum
Slightly curved triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine
Forms the lower portion of the back
(5 diff bone at birth. 1 as adult)
79
Coccyx
Tailbone
80
Pelvic girdle
Protects internal organs and supports lower extremities
81
Ilium
Forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
82
Sacroiliac
Slightly movable articulation between The sacrum and posterior articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium
83
Ischium
Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone
| Bears weight of the body when sitting
84
Pubis
Forms anterior portion of the public bone
| Located below urinary bladder
85
Pubic bones
Ilium , ischium, pubis
| Form together as child matures and form rught and left Pubic bones
86
Pubic symphysis
Cartilaginous joint that unites left and right pubic bones
87
Acetabulum
Hip socket
88
Femurs
Largest bones in the body
| Known as thigh bones
89
Patella
Knee cap
90
Popliteal
Behind knee
91
Cruciate ligaments
Make knee movement possible
92
Tibia
Shinbone
93
Fibula
Smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
94
Malleolus
Rounded honey projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
95
Talus
Ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
96
Calcaneus
Heel bone
97
Metatarsals
From the part of the foot which the toes and attached
98
Phalanges
Bones of the toes
99
Chiropractor
Treats disorders of misalignment if the spine
100
Orthopedic surgeon
Diagnose and treat disease and disorders involving bones, joints and muscles
101
Osteopath
Treat health problems by spinal manipulation.
102
Podiatrist
Diagnose and treat disorders of the foot
Pod- foot
Iatrist- speacialist
103
Rheumatologist
Arthritis specialist
104
Ankylosis
Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
105
Arthrosclerosis
Stiffness of the joints
| Especially in the elderly
106
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa
107
Chondrinalacia
Abnormal softening of cartilage
108
Chondroma
Slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
109
Costochondritis
Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
110
Halluxinating valgus
Also known as a bunion
Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
Hallux- bug toe
Valgus- bent
111
Hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint
112
Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial memvrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint
113
Dislocation
Known as luxation
| Total displacement of the bone from its joint
114
Subluxation
Partial displacement of the bone from its joint
115
Arthritis
Inflammatory condition of one or more joints
116
Osteoarthritis
Also know as wear and tear arthritis
| Most common in aging
117
Sponsylsis
Spinal osteoarthritis
| Loss of normal Spinal structure and function
118
Gouty arthritis
Known as gout
| Type of. Arthritis characterized by deposits of Uric acid in the joints
119
Uric acid
By product that is normally excreted by the kidneys
120
Rheumatoid arthritis
Known as RA
| chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of the other body systems are attacked
121
Ankylosing spondylitis
Form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joins between the vertebrae
122
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disorder that effects children ages 16 or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, grown slow, fatigue
123
Herniated disk
Known as slipped and ruptured disk
| Breaking apart of the intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots
124
Lumbago
Low back pain
125
Spondylolisthesis
Forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrae and sacrum below it
Spondyl/o- vertebrae
Listhesis- slipping
126
Spina bifida
Defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal cord fails to close completely around the spinal ped to protect it
127
Kyphosis
Hunch back
128
Lordosis
Butt sticks out and stomach out
129
Scoliosis
S shaped spine
130
Craniostenosis
Malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sultures
131
Fibrous Dysplasia
Bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaced it with fibrous tissue
132
Ostealgia
Pain in the bone
133
Osteomalacia
Known as adult rickets
| Abnormal softening of bones in adults
134
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
135
Osteonecrosis
Death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply
136
Paget's disease
Bone disease of unknown cause
137
Periostitis
Inflammation of the periosteum
138
Rickets
deficiency disease occuring in children
| Defective bone growth
139
Short stature
Known as dwarfism
| Condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to appropriate length compared to head and trunk
140
Talipes
Known as club foot
| Any congenital deformity of he foot involving the talus
141
Primary bone cancer
Rare malignant tumor that originated in a bone
142
Secondary bone cancer
Tumors that have metastasized (spread) to bones from other organs such as breasts and lungs
143
Myeloma
Type of cancer occurs in kood makin cells doing the the red bone marrow
144
Osteochondroma
Benign bony projection covered with cartilage
145
Osteoporosis
Marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
Osteo- bone
Por- small opening
Osis- diseas
146
Osteopenia
Thinner than average bone density
147
Osteoporotic hip fracture
Broken hip
148
Fracture
Broken bone
149
Closed fracture
Simple Fracture or complete fracture
| Bone is broken but no open skin
150
Open francture
Known as compound fracture
| Bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
151
Comminuted fracture
Incomplete fracture
One in which the bone is bent and only partially broken
Primarily in children
152
Oblique fracture
Occurs at an angle across the bone
153
Pathologic fracture
Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
154
Spiral fracture
Fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
155
Stress fracture
Which is an overuse injury
| Small crack in the bone that often develos from chronic excessive impact
156
Transverse fracture
Occurs straight across the bone
157
Fat embolus
Any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessels
158
Creputation
Grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
159
Radiograph
X-Ray
160
Arthroscopy
Visual examination Of the internal structure of a joint
161
Bone marrow biopsy
Diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers or red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test
162
Bone marrow aspiration
Use of syringe to withdraw the liquid bone marrow
163
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints
164
Bone density testing (BDT)
Used to determine losses or changes in bone density
165
Ultrasonic bone density testing
Screening test for osteoporosis or other condition that cause a loss of bone mass
166
Dual x-Ray absorptiometry
low exposure radio graphic measurement of the spine and hops to measure bone density
167
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
Used to test certain types of cancer
168
Allogenic bone marrow transplant
Uses healthy bone marrow cells from compatible donor; often a sibling
169
Autologous bone marrow transplant
The patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested cleansed and treated and stored before the remaining bone marrow in the patients body is destroyed
170
Autologous
Means originating with an individual
171
Orthotic
mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint
172
Prosthesis
Substitute for a missing body part
173
Arthrodesis
Surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint
174
Arthrolysis
Surgical loosing of an ankylosis joint
175
Arthroscopic surgery
Minimal invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint
176
Chondroplasty
Surgical repair of damaged cartilage
177
Synovectomy
Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
178
Arthriplasty
Surgical repaid of a damaged joint
179
Total knee replacement
All or parts of the knee were replaced
180
Partial knee replacement
Only part of knee was replaced
181
Hip resurfacing
Alternative to removing the head of the femur
182
Revision surgery
Replacement of a worn of faulty implant
183
Percutaneous diskectomy
Performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk
184
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
Performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures
185
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra
186
Spinal fusion
Technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae
187
Craniectomy
Surgical removal of a portion of the skull
188
Craniotomy
Surgical incision of opening into the skull
189
Cranioplasty
Surgical repair of he skull
190
Osteoclasis
Surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
191
Ostectomy
Surgical removal of bone
192
Osteoplasty
Surgical repair of a bone or bones
193
Osteorrhaphy
Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones
194
Osteotomy
Surgical cutting of a bone
195
Periosteotomy
Incision through theb periosteum to the bone
196
Closed reduction
Known as manipulation
| Attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation
197
Open reduction
When a closed reduction is not practical
198
Immobilization
Known as stabilization
| Act of hiding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed positions with strapping or a cast
199
Traction
Pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to Norma alignment
200
External fixation
Fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing
201
Internal fixation
Known as open reduction internal fixation
| Fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
202
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Abbreviation for
Bone density testing
Fracture
Oateoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Total hip arthroplasty
Total knee arthroplasty
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BDT
Fx
OA
OP
THA
TKA
```
