Ch. 7 The Respiratory System Flashcards
0
Q
Sinus/o
A
Sinuses
1
Q
Nas/o
A
Nose
2
Q
Pharyng/o
A
Pharynx
3
Q
Laryng/o
A
Larynx
4
Q
Epiglott/o
A
Epiglottis
5
Q
Trache/o
A
Trachea
6
Q
Bronch/o
Bronchi/o
A
Bronchi
7
Q
Alveol/o
A
Alveoli
8
Q
Pneum/o
Pneumon/o
Pulmon/o
A
Lungs
9
Q
Ox/i, ox/o, ox/y
A
Oxygen
10
Q
Phon/o
A
Sound, voice
11
Q
Pleur/o
A
pleura, side of the body
12
Q
Somn/o
A
Sleep
13
Q
Functions of the respiratory system
A
Deliver air to lungs
Oxygen- blood- body cells
Airflow through larynx that makes speech possible
14
Q
Respiratory system
A
Supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all of the body
15
Q
Upper respiratory tract
A
Consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea
(Airway)
16
Q
Lower respiratory tract
A
Consisted of bronchial tree and lungs
Located within and protected by the thoracic cavity (rib cage)
(Airway)
17
Q
Nose
A
Air enters the body through the nose and passes through the nasal cavity
18
Q
Nasal septum
A
Wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two chambers
19
Q
Cilia
A
The thin hairs located just inside the nostrils. Filter Incoming air to remove debris
20
Q
Mucous membranes
A
Line the nose
21
Q
Mucus
A
Slippery secretion produced the the mucous membranes that protects and lubricates These tissues
22
Q
Olfactory receptors
A
Nerve endings that acts as receptors for the SENSE OF SMELL
23
Q
Paranasal sinuses
A
Air filled cavities lined with mucous membrane Located in the bones of the skull Para- near Nas- nose -al - pertaining to
24
Frontal sinuses
Frontal bone just above he eyebrow
| Infection here can cause pain in that area
25
Sphenoid sinuses
In the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland
Infection here can cause damage to vision
26
Maxillary sinuses
Largest of the paranasal sinuses
Located in the maxillary bones under the eye
Infection can cause pain the the posterior maxillary teeth
27
Ethmoid sinuses
Located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes
28
Pharynx
Throat
| Receives air after it passes through the nose or mouth as well as food
29
Nasopharynx
First division
| Posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth
30
Oropharynx
Second division
| Portion that is visible when lookin into the mouth
31
Laryngopharynx
Third division
| also shared by both the respiratory and digestive system
32
Larynx
Voice box
Located between the pharynx and the trachea
Contain vocal cords
33
Trachea
Windpipe
| Transport air to and from lungs
34
Bronchi
Two large tubes
35
Bronchioles
Within the lung, each primary bronchus divides and subdivides into increasingly smaller bronchioles
Smallest branches of the bronchi
36
Alveoli
Air sacs
| Very small grapple clusters doing at the end of the bronchioles
37
Pulmonary
Relating to or affecting the lungs
38
Lungs
Essential organs of respiration, are divided into loves
39
Right lung
Larger and has three lobes: upper, middle, and lower
40
Left lung
Two loves
| Upper and lower
41
Mediastinum
The middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs
42
Pleura
A thin, moist and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
43
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of the pleura
44
Visceral pleura
Inner layer of pleura
45
Pleural cavity
Pleural space
| Thin fluid filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
46
Diaphragm
Seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen
| It is the contraction and relaxation of this muscle that makes breathing possible
47
Phrenic nerves
Stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract
48
Respiration
Exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide that is essential to life
49
External respiration
Bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment
50
Inhaled
As air is inhaled I to the alveoli, oxygen immediately passes Ito the surrounding capillaries and is carried by the red blood cells to all body cells
Diaphragm moves down
51
Exhaled
Waste product carbon dioxide that has passed into the bloodstream is transported into the air spaces of the lungs to be ebhaled
Diaphragm moves up
52
Internal respiration
Cellular respiration
| Exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues
53
Otolaryngologist
ENT (ear, nose, throat)
| Physician with training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck
54
Pulmonologist
Physician who specializes in the diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system
55
Thoracic surgeon
Performs operations on the organs inside the thorax or chest including the heart, lungs and esophagus
56
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
| Group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed making it hard to breathe
57
Asthma
Inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by allergic reaction
58
Airway inflammation
Swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus
59
Bronchospasm
Contracion of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles , righting and squeezing the airway shut
60
Upper respiratory infections
(URI)
Acute nasopharyngitis
COMMON COLD
61
Allergic rhinitis
Allergy
Causes as increase flow of mucus
62
Croup
Respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor
63
Diphtheria
Acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
64
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
65
Influence
Flu
| Highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation fever chills and muscle pain
66
Pertussis
Whooping cough
Contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough
67
Rhinorrehea
Runny nose
68
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses
69
Pharyngitis
Sore throat
70
Aphonia
Loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
71
dysphonia
Difficulty in speaking
72
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
73
Tracheorrhagia
Bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea
74
Bronchiectasis
Permanent dilation of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation
75
Bronchorrhea
Excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
76
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura
77
Pleurodynia
Sharp pain that occurs when the inflammation membranes rub against eachother with each inhalation
78
Pleural effusion
Excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
79
Pyothorax
Presence of pus in the pleural cavity
80
Hemothorax
Refers to a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
81
Enpyema
Refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity
82
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in the pleural space
83
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes , inhaled vomit, or sepsis
Life threatening
Inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood
84
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung
| Incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a Blockage of the air passages
85
Pneumorrhagia
Bleeding from the lungs
86
Tuberculosis
TB
infectious disease
Usually attacks the lungs
87
Pneumonia
Serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluid
88
Eupnea
Normal breathing
89
Apnea
Temp absence of spontaneous respiration
90
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually less then 10 breaths per minute
91
Cheyne-stokes respiration
Irregular pattern of breathing
92
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more then 20 breaths per minute
93
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath (SOB)
94
Hyperpnea
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest
95
Hypopnea
Shallow of slow respiration
96
Hyperventilation
Abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety
97
sleep apnea
Breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
98
Airway obstruction
Choking
99
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen from the body's tissues and organs even through there is an adequate flow of blood
100
Asphyxia
Loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
101
Asphyxiation
Suffocation
102
Cyanosis
Bush discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
103
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
104
Chest x - Ray
Chest imaging
105
Pulmonary function tests
(PFTS's)
| Group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer
106
Laryngectomy
Surgical removal of the larynx
107
Laryngotomy
Surgical incision into the larynx
| Performed when upper part of the airway is obstructed
108
Septoplasty
Surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum
109
Tracheostomy
Surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temp or permanent tube to facilitate breathing
110
Tracheotomy
Procedure in which an Incision is made Ono he trachea to gain access to the airway below a blackage
111
Pneumonectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the lung
112
Lobectomy
Surgical removal of a love of an organ usually the long brain or liver
113
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
114
Thoracotomy
Surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment
