Ch 6 Lymphatic And Immune Syst Flashcards
0
Q
Lymphangi/o
A
Lymphatic vessels and ducts
1
Q
Lymph/o
A
Lymph
2
Q
Lymphaden/o
A
Lymph nodes
3
Q
Tonsill/o, adenoid/o
A
Tonsils and adenoids
4
Q
Splen/o
A
Spleen
5
Q
Lymphocyt/o
A
Lymphocytes
6
Q
Thym/o
A
Thymus
7
Q
Lacteals
A
Specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream
8
Q
Interstitial fluid
A
Plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries and then flows into the spaces between the cells of the tissues
9
Q
Lymph
A
Made up of the remaining 10% of the returning interstitial fluid
10
Q
Lymphatic circularly system
A
Work closely together with the blood circulatory system
11
Q
Lymphatic capillaries
A
Microscopic blind ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness
12
Q
Lymphatic vessels
A
Flows from lymphatic capillaries into the progressively larger lymphatic vessels
Located deeper with tissue
13
Q
Right lymphatic duct
A
Collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, upper right quadrant of the body and the right arm
14
Q
Thoracic duct
A
Largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs
15
Q
Lymph node
A
Bean shaped
Contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens
16
Q
Cervical lymph nodes
A
Located along the sides of the neck
17
Q
Ancillary lymph nodes
A
Located under the arms in the area known as armpits
18
Q
Inguinal lymph nodes
A
Located in the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen
19
Q
Lymphocytes
A
Known as lymphoid cells
Leukocyte a that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells
20
Q
Natural killer cells
A
Play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses
21
Q
B cells
A
Specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies
22
Q
Plasma cells
A
Develop from B cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens
23
Q
T cells
A
Belong to a group of leukocytes known as lymphocytes
24
Cytokines
Group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells
25
Interferons
Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells
26
Interleukins
Play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate
27
Tonsils
Three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat
28
Adenoids
Located in the nasopharynx which is the upper part of the pharynx
29
Palatine tonsils
Located on left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth
30
Lingual tonsils
Located at the base of the toungue
| Not visible
31
Thymus
A mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart, reaches its greatest size at puberty and become smaller with age
32
Vermiform appendix
Appendix
| Hangs from the lower portion of the cecum, which is the first section of the large intestine
33
Spleen
Sac like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen
34
Lymphedema
Abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues
| Evidence by swelling in the arms and legs
35
Lymph
Pertaining to the lymphatic tissue/ system
36
Main functions of the lymphatic system (3)
Absorb fates soluble vitamins through the lacteals of the small intestine
To move waste products from the tissues
Return filtered lymph to the veins at the base of the neck
37
Hemolytic
Function of destroying worn out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse
Lytic- destroy
38
Function of immune system
Maintain good health and to protect the body from harmful substances
39
Intact skin
Wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body
40
Respiratory system
Traps breathed in foreign matter with nose hairs and the moist mucous membrane lining of the respiratory system
41
Digestive system
Uses the acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed with food
42
Lymphatic system
Work together with leukocytes to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body
43
Lymphadenopathy
Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
44
Lymphadenitis
Swollen glands
| Inflammation of the lymph nodes
45
Antigen- antibody reaction
Immune reaction
| Involving binding antigens to antibodies
46
Antigen
Any substance that the body regards as being foreign
47
Tolerance
Refers to an acquired u responsiveness to a specific antigen
48
Antibody
Disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
49
Immunoglobulins
Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response
50
Phagocytes
Specialized white blood cells that destroy by eating or swallowing
51
Monocytes
White blood cells that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms
52
Macrophage
A type of white blood cells that surrounds and kills invading cells
53
Dendritic cells
Specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections
54
The complement system
A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an an active form
55
Immunity
The state of being resistant to a specific disease
56
Natural immunity
Known as passive immunity
| Resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease
57
Acquired immunity
Obtained by having had a contagious disease
58
Allergist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity
such as allergic reactions
59
Immunologist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system
Immun- protected
-ologist-specialist
60
Lymphologist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system
61
Oncologist
Physician specializing in the diagnosing and treatment of malignant disorders such as rumors and cancer
Onc- tumor
62
Lymphangioma
Benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
Lymph- lymph
Angi- lymph vessels
Oma- tumor
63
Slepnomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen
Splen/o- spleen
64
Splenorrhagia
Bleeding from the spleen
Splen/o - spleen
-rrhagia - bleeding
65
Lymphoscrintigraphy
Diagnostic test that it performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
66
Primary lymphedema
Hereditary condition of the lymphatic system that develops with swelling beginning in the feet and progressing into the ankles and in an upward direction along the legs
67
Secondary lymphedema
Caused by damage to lymphatic vessels that's most frequently due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma, or burns
68
Bioimpedance spectroscopy
Noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema
69
Allergic reaction
The body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen
70
Allergy
Overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
71
Allergen
Substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
72
Localized allergic response
Redness itching and burning where skin has come in contact with an allergen
73
Systemic reaction anaphylaxis
| Or anaphylaxis
A severe response to an allergen
74
Antihistamines
Medicines administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever
75
Autoimmune disorder
Any of the diseases characterized by a condition in which ye immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
76
Immunodeficiency disorder
When the immune response is compromised
77
Human immunodeficiency virus
Commonly known as HIV
| Blood borne infection which the virus damages or kill the T cells
78
Opportunistic infection
Caused by a pathogen that doesn't normally produce an illness in healthy humans
79
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIDS
| advances fatal stage of HIV
80
Kaposis sarcoma
Opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV
81
ELISA
Blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies
82
Western blot test
Blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test
83
Immunotherapy
Disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response
84
Synthetic immunoglobulins
Used as a postexposure preventative measure against certain viruses
85
Synthetic interferon
Used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C , and some cancers
86
Monoclonal antibodies
Any of the class of antibodies produced in the lab by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells
87
Immunosuppression
Treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens
88
Immunosuppressant
Substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response
89
Corticosteroid drug
Hormone like preparation administered primarily as an anti inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant
90
Cytotoxic drug
Medication that kills or damages cells
Cyt/o- cell
Tox- poison
-ic- pertaining to
91
Bacteria
One called microscopic organisms
92
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease in humans
93
Bacilli
Rod shaped spore forming bacteria
94
Anthrax
Contagious disease that can transmitted through livestock infested with bacillus anthracis
95
Rickettsia
Small bacterium that lives in lice fleas ticks and mites
96
Spirochetes
Long slender spiral shaped backers that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
97
Lyme disease
Caused by spirochete belonging to the genus borrelia
98
Staphylococci
Bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes
99
Staphylococcus aureus
Form of staph that often infects wounds
100
Streptococci
Bacteria that form a chain
101
Septic shock
Condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body
102
Antibiotic- resistant bacteria
Occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target
103
Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus
MRSA
| One of several types of bacteria that are now resistant to more antibodies
104
Fungus
Simple parasitic organisms
105
Yeast
Type of fungus
106
Parasites
Plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism
107
Malaria
Caused by parasite that lives in certain Mosquitos and is transfered to humans by bite of an infected mosquito
108
Toxoplasmosis
Transmitted from pets to humans
109
West Nile virus
Spread to humans by the bite of infected mosquito
110
Lyme disease
Transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected black legged tic
111
Viruses
Very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells
112
Influenza
The flu
| Contagious viral respiratory infection
113
Measles
Highly contagious infection that is transited by respiratory droplets of rubeola virus
114
Mumps
Viral infection that is characterized by swelling of the parotid glands
115
Rubella
Viral infection
| "3-day measles
116
Rabies
Viral infection that's transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of infected animal
117
Cytomegalovirus
Found in most body fluids
| Silent infection
118
Varicella
Chicken pox
119
Herpes zoster
Shingles
120
Infectious mononucleosis
Mono
| Caused by EBV
121
Antibodies
Medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms
122
Bactericide
Substance that causes the death of bacteria
123
Anti fungal
Agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
124
Antiviral drug
Used to treat viral infections or produce temp immunity
125
Oncology
The study of the prevention , causes and treatment of rumors and cancer
126
Tumor
Also known as neoplasm
| Abnormal growth of body tissue
127
Myosarcoma
A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
128
Angiogenesis
Tumors support its growth by crating its own blood supply
129
Antigiogenesis
Form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor
130
Cancer
Uncontrolled division of cells
131
Metastasize
Process by which cancer spreads from one place to another
132
Metastasis
New cancer site that results from the spreading process
133
Carcinoma
Malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
134
Carcinoma in situ
Malignant tumor in its original position that had not yet disturbed of invaded that surrounding tissues
135
Adenocarcinoma
Anyone of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue
136
Sarcoma
Malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues
137
Osteosarcoma
Hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of the long bones pelvis and knee
138
Synovial sarcoma
Tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint such as the knees or elbows
139
Staging
Process of classifying rumors by how far the disease has progressed, potential for its response in therapy, and patients prognosis
140
Lymphoma
Malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues
141
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large cancerous lymphocytes
142
Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
Describe all other lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma
143
Breast cancer
Carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites
144
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Breast cancer at its earliest stage
145
Infiltrating ducal carcinoma
Starts at milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue
146
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
Cancer that starts in the milk glands , breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast
147
Inflammatory breast cancer
IBC
| rare but aggressive form of breast cancer
148
Breast self - examination
Self- care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer
149
Prefessional palpating of the breast
Preformed to feel the texture, size and consistency of the breast
150
Mammography
Radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells
151
Ultrasound
Used as an initial follow up test when an abnormality is found by mammography
152
Needle breast biopsy
Technique in which an x-eat guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast
153
Surgical biopsy
Removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis
154
Lymph node dissection
Surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine of slow the spread of cancer in this area
155
Lunpectomy
Surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue
156
Mastectomy
Surgical removal of the entire beast and nipple
157
Radical mastectomy
Surgical removal of the entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues
158
Modified radical mastectomy
Surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the ancillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm
159
Chemotherapy
The use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues
160
Chemoprevention
Use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer
161
Antineoplastic
Medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells
162
Cytotoxic drugs
Used for both immunosuppressive and chemotherapy
163
Radiation therapy
Treatment of some cancers
164
Brachytherapy
Use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated
165
Teletherapy
Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
166
Targeted therapy
Developing form of anti cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attach specific cancer cells without harming normal cells
167
Adjuvant therapy
Primary cancer treatments
168
Clinical trials
Involve testing new and promising cancer treatment that have not yet received food and drug administration approval on patients who agree to be part of the research
