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GIS > Chap 3 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Flashcards

1
Q

5 common purposes?

A
  • locating
  • navigating
  • compiling
  • convincing
  • comparing
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2
Q

cartographic generalization

A

simplifying map features in order to construct clearer and less cluttered maps

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3
Q

refine

A

a feature class by omitting certain features, especially smaller or more detailed ones, such as removing higher-order streams and keeping the main trunk rivers

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4
Q

simplify

A

lines or polygons by removing vertices or smoothing to give them less detailed shapes

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5
Q

aggregate

A

many small features into larger ones, such as turning many close-lying small wetland polygons into a generalized marsh area

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6
Q

collapse

A

features to simpler forms, such as turning detailed building footprints into simple rectangles

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7
Q

classify

A

a detailed set of attributes into a simpler set, such as reducing geologic formations to a classification of igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks

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8
Q

typify

A

features using representative rather than actual features

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9
Q

displace

A

features slightly so they do not run over each other

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10
Q

exaggerate

A

the importance of features to give them greater prominence, such as enlarging the width of a water body to prevent it from appearing as a line

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11
Q

graticule grid

A

marks of latitude and longitude placed on a map boundary

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12
Q

measurement grid

A

a data frame grid that provides measured x-y coordinate system values around the perimeter of the frame

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13
Q

reference grid

A

a data frame grid that provides lettered and numbered squares on a map for use with an index of the features

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14
Q

map elements

A

objects placed on a map layout, such as titles, legends, scale bars, north arrows, images, and charts

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15
Q

neatline

A

a line used to enclose one or more map elements in a rectangle

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16
Q

visual hierarchy

A

the order in which objects in a design are perceived

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17
Q

visual center

A

where the center of a graphical composition appears to be - about 5% above the geometric center

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18
Q

rule of thirds

A

a guideline to place important parts of a graphic composition at the intersections of lines dividing the page in thirds

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19
Q

negative space

A

blank areas in a graphic or map design composition

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20
Q

contrast

A

the difference in hue, saturation, or value between adjacent colors

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21
Q

foreground

A

objects and area that appear higher in the visual hierarchy

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22
Q

background

A

areas and objects that are low in the visual hierarchy

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23
Q

branding

A

repeating colors, symbols, fonts, images, or other design elements across multiple publications to foster recognition

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24
Q

layout

A

the specification for a map page, including the map frames, legend title, scale bar, and so on; stored in a project

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25
Q

map

A

a collection of data layers, labels, and other elements assembled to portray a geographic area

26
Q

map frame

A

a representation of a project map placed within a layout, linked to the properties of the layers in the original map but with an independent scale and extent

27
Q

layout file

A

a file that contains all of the properties, settings and data links needed to re-create a layout

28
Q

map extent

A

the range of x-y values of the area being displayed in a map

29
Q

dividions

A

the number of sections given to a scale bar

30
Q

subdivisions

A

the number of units into which a single division of a scale bar is split, usually appearing on the left end

31
Q

division units

A

the units in which a map scale bar is measured and drawn, such as miles or kilometers

32
Q

division value

A

the length of one section of a scale bar as given in division units, such as 100 km

33
Q

graphic text

A

text placed on a map layout that is not associated with a feature attribute

34
Q

dynamic labels

A

labels determined from an attribute and automatically placed on a map each time features are drawn and redrawn

35
Q

annotation

A

labels created from map features and stored separately for detailed editing

36
Q

reference scale

A

the scale at which text or symbols appear at their assigned size

37
Q

1) graticule grid
2) reference grid
3) measurement grid

a- a set of x-y markers showing projected coordinate units
b- a set of latitude and longitude markers placed around a map
c- a rim of alphanumeric codes used to locate items within the map

A

1- b
2- c
3- a

38
Q

1- aggregate
2- refine
3- simplify
4- classify
5- collapse

a- show large buildings but not individual houses
b- smoothing coastlines for fewer jagged edges
c- show points for a central city but not its suburbs
d- turn detailed runway maps into a simple airport polygon
e- show different densities of residential zoning areas with a single symbol

A

1- c
2- a
3- b
4- e
5- d

39
Q

1- displace
2- typify
3- exaggerate

a- show scattered triangles for mountains instead of contours
b- move two fire polygons apart so they don’t overlap
c- show a stream wider that it actually is so it shows up better

A

1- b
2- a
3- c

40
Q

1- fixed scale
2- fixed extent
3- fixed center and scale
4- fixed center

a- all navigation disabled; resizing with same aspect ratio allowed
b- panning disabled but zooming, rotating (3D), and resizing allowed
c- zooming and panning disabled; rotation and resizing allowed
d- panning is allowed but zoom is not; resizing changes extent

A

1- d
2- a
3- c
4- b

41
Q

1- adjust division value
2- adjust width
3- adjust number of divisions

a- the scale bar changes size but continues to show 4 divisions of 100 mile each
b- the scale bar stays roughly the same size but has fewer divisions which are 100 miles each
c- the scale bar stays the same size but the values will no longer be even 100s.

A

1- c
2- a
3- b

42
Q

The visual center of a map is ______________ the geometric center.

a- slightly above
b- slightly below
c- slightly to the left of
d- slightly to the right of

A

a- slightly above

43
Q

Which one of the following exemplifies a map that has good balance?

a- the map is large enough to be clearly legible
b- a suitable choice of colors has been chosen to represent features
c- the map does not appear to have any overly cluttered areas or empty areas
d- the title of map is centered on the page

A

c- the map does not appear to have any overly cluttered areas or empty areas

44
Q

definition of the term “display scale”.

a- the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the ground
b- the scale at which text or symbols appear at their assigned size
c- the range of scales for which a data layer will be shown
d- the original scale from which a GIS data set was developed

A

c- the range of scales for which a data layer will be shown

45
Q

definition of the term “map frame”

a- a representation of a project map that has been placed in a layout
b- the symbolized outer boundary of a map
c- negative space placed around a map to frame it
d- a collection of layers stored and viewed in a project

A

a- a representation of a project map that has been placed in a layout

46
Q

definition of the term “map scale”

a- the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the ground
b- the range of scales for which a data layer will be displayed
c- the scale at which text or symbols appear at their assigned size
d- the original scale from which a GIS data set was developed

A

a- the ratio of distance on the map to distance on the ground

47
Q

definition of the term “layout”

a- the specification for a map page, including the map frames, legend, etc.
b- the number of sections given to a scale bar
c- marks of latitude and longitude placed on a map boundary
d- labels determined from an attribute and placed on a map automatically

A

a- the specification for a map page, including the map frames, legend, etc.

48
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a way you can store annotation?

a- as an annotation feature class in a geodatabase
b- as graphic text in a layout
c- as features in a shapefile

A

c- as features in a shapefile

49
Q

Which ONE of the following types of labels, once created, can be re-used in multiple maps and projects?

a- dynamic labels
b- graphic text
c- annotation feature class

A

c- annotation feature class

50
Q

You can create large sets of annotation more quickly than graphic text because _____________.

a- annotation can be created from dynamic labels
b- annotation editing tools are better than graphic text editing tools
c- annotation can be saved in a geodatabase
d- annotation has fewer formatting options than graphic text

A

a- annotation can be created from dynamic labels

51
Q

The primary purpose of a map showing correlations between smoking and lung cancer rates is _____________.

a- locating
b- compiling
c- convincing
d- comparing

A

c- convincing

52
Q

Every design element in a map should be repeatedly evaluated against the _____________ of the map.

a- objective
b- margins
c- labels
d- medium

A

a- objective

53
Q

The primary purpose of a detailed utility system map is ______________.

a- compiling
b- locating
c- convincing
d- navigating

A

a- compiling

54
Q

Why is it a good idea to print a draft copy of the map before finalizing the design?

a- Colors shown on the computer screen often look somewhat different than the colors printed on paper.
b- The dynamic labels may appear different on paper than on the screen.
c- both of these reasons are correct
d- neither of these reasons is correct

A

c- both of these reasons are correct

55
Q

To disable both zooming and panning when the map frame is activated, and to ensure that the map frame retains the same extent and scale, one should choose the display options constraint of ____________.

a- fixed center and scale
b- fixed extent
c- fixed center
d- fixed scale

A

a- fixed center and scale

56
Q

A map and a map frame _____________.

a- have the same layers but may have different extents
b- have different layers but must have the same extent
c- must have the same layers and the same extent
d- are two different terms for the same thing

A

a- have the same layers but may have different extents

57
Q

A scale bar with four divisions and a division value of 100 miles would be _____________ miles long.

a- 25
b- 100
c- 200
d- 400
e- 800

A

d- 400

58
Q

As a general rule, most first drafts of maps _____________.

a- have too many layers
b- are the wrong scale
c- contain spelling errors
d- have insufficient margins

A

a- have too many layers

59
Q

Which one of the following elements is always required to be in a map?

a- a map frame
b- a scale bar
c- a legend
d- a north arrow
e- all of these elements are required

A

a- a map frame

60
Q

Which one of the following symbol changes will move a polygon map layer toward the background?

a- increasing the saturation of the symbol
b- enhancing the contrast of the fill symbol and outline symbol
c- increasing the value of the outline symbol
d- thickening the outline symbol

A

c- increasing the value of the outline symbol

61
Q

Which guideline should be kept firmly in mind when selecting symbols for graduated color maps?

a- Use intuitive symbols for point data like counties and hospitals.
b- Emphasize important areas with dark, bold colors.
c- Water bodies should usually be shown as blue.
d- Monochromatic color ramps are generally easiest to interpret.
e- All of these guidelines are important
f- none of these guidelines matter

A

e- all of these guidelines are important

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