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GIS > Chap 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Discrete

A

Described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as wells, roads, or counties

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2
Q

Continuous

A

data that take on a variety of values and that change rapidly across a data set, such as elevation.

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3
Q

Vector model

A

a spatial data storage method in which features are represented by one or more pairs of x-y coordinate values forming points, lines, or polygons

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4
Q

Raster model

A

a data set composed of an array of numeric values, each of which represents a condition in a square element of ground

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5
Q

Georeferenced

A

a spatial data layer that is tied to a specific location on the earth’s surface for display with other data

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6
Q

geospatial

A

an adjective describing software, data, models, or other constructs that constitute, use, or manipulate geographic information

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7
Q

feature

A

a spatial object composed of one or more x-y coordinate pairs and having one or more attributes in a single record of an associated table

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8
Q

point

A

a one-dimensional feature defined by a single x-y coordinate pair

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9
Q

line

A

a spatial feature composed of a string of x-y coordinate vertices and used to represent linear features such as streets

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10
Q

polygon

A

a closed, two-dimensional area feature defined by three or more x-y coordinate pairs

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11
Q

polygon

A

a closed, two-dimensional area feature defined by three or more x-y coordinate pairs

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12
Q

table

A

data stored as an array of rows and columns, with each row representing an object or a feature and each column representing an attribute or a property of that object

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13
Q

attributes

A

information about map features stored in columns of a table

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14
Q

feature class

A

a set of similar objects with the same attributes stored together in a spatial data file

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15
Q

cells or pixels

A

a square data element in a raster corresponding to one value representing conditions on the ground

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16
Q

layer

A

a reference to a feature class and its associated properties

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17
Q

map scale

A

the ratio of feature size on a map to its size on the ground

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18
Q

what does ‘large-scale map’ refer to?

A

large-scale maps means the ratio is large, but is shows a relatively small area.

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19
Q

what does ‘small-scale map’ refer to?

A

small-scale map means to ration is smaller, but it shows a larger area.

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20
Q

source scale

A

the original analog scale or resolution at which a digital data set is converted to digital form

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21
Q

scale range

A

the range of scales for which a data layer will be displayed, set by the user to avoid clutter or the display of layers at inappropriate scales

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22
Q

scale range

A

the range of scales for which a data layer will be displayed, set by the user to avoid clutter or the display of layers at inappropriate scales

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23
Q

client

A

a device with software that allows it to communicate with an Internet server providing data or processing services

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24
Q

cloud

A

a computing system composed of warehouses of computers and hard drives managed by a company that rents processing power and disk space to clients

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25
Q

ArcGIS Online

A

a cloud-based platform for creating and sharing GIS maps, data, and applications

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26
Q

generalization

A

simplifying a feature in order to store it or display it at smaller scales than its source scale

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27
Q

geometric accuracy

A

the accuracy with which the shape and position of features are represented

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28
Q

thematic accuracy

A

the degree to which attribute values represent the true properties in the real world

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29
Q

resolution (2)

A

1) the ground are represented by on cell value in a raster
2) the default storage precision of a vector data set

30
Q

Precision

A

the number of digits or significant figures allotted to store a numeric value

31
Q

logical consistency

A

how well the spatial relationships between features in a data set represent the real-world relationships; an aspect of topology

32
Q

metadata

A

information stored about data to document their source, history, management, uses, and more

33
Q

what is the general format for citing data?

A

Data set name (year published) [source type]. Producer name, producer contact information.

34
Q

project

A

(noun) a collection of data, tools, models, tables, and other items for a geographic area; the basic working file structure

35
Q

view

A

in the Pro GUI, a window in the central display area that contains a project item being worked with, such as a map or a table

36
Q

contents pane

A

the part of the Pro GUI that lists the objects being worked with, such as layers in a map or design elements in a layout

37
Q

Map

A

a collection of data layers, labels, and other elements assembled to portray a geographic area

38
Q

scene

A

a 3D geographic view achieved by draping map data onto an elevation surface

39
Q

toolbox

A

a collection of tools in ArcGIS Pro, organized by function

40
Q

database

A

a data construct designed to store information as tables

41
Q

home geodatabase

A

the geodatabase stored within the project, which serves as the default location for geoprocessing output

42
Q

layout

A

the specification for a map page, including the map frames, legend title, scale bare, and so on; stored in a project

43
Q

style

A

a collection of map symbols and colors that are stored together and used together

44
Q

project file

A

the data storage file that contains and tracks all the elements of information stored within a project; has an .aprx file extension

45
Q

project folder

A

a filesystem folder that contains the project file, the home geodatabase, and the other items associated with a project

46
Q

feature layer

A

a GIS data service that delivers point, line, or polygon features over an Internet connection

47
Q

geoprocessing

A

analysis of spatial data layers, such as dissolving, intersecting, and merging

48
Q

Choose ALL of the following rasters which would be considered to be discrete data rather than continuous data
a) slope
b) rainfall
c) soil type
d) vegetation type
e) temperature

A

c) soil type
d) vegetation type

49
Q

Imagine you are looking at a geodatabase which contains 50 states, 500 cities, and 100 rivers
a) How many feature classes are there?
b) How many point features are there
c) How many features are there?

A

a) 3
b) 500
c) 650

50
Q

1) precision
2) resolution
3) geometric accuracy
4) thematic accuracy

a) the number of significant digits used to store a measurement
b) how frequently or closely the data points have been sampled, whether in space or in time
c) the degree to which objects are located in there actual position on the earth’s surface
d) the degree to which information about objects is correct

A

1-a
2-b
3-c
4-d

51
Q

1) list by editing
2) list by chart
3) list by source
4) list by snapping
5) list by visibility
6) list by selection
7) list by labeling
8) list by drawing order

a) layers are listed in draw order from bottom to top
b) layers are listed showing the number of features that have matched a query
c) layers are listed according whether they appear in the map of not
d) layers are listed according to the folder or geodatabases in which they are stored
e) the ability to modify a layer’s features can be turned on/off
f) Layer properties controlling when and how the cursor jumps to existing features
g) layer properties found here control text placed on the map
h) graphs and histograms are created and managed on this panel

A

1-e
2-h
3-d
4-f
5-c
6-b
7-g
8-a

52
Q

Information about a data set, such as who created it and why, is called ___________.

a- attribute data
b- spatial data
c- metadata
d- feature data
e- aspatial data

A

c- metadata

53
Q

What is the predominate purpose of formally citing a data source?

a- to allow someone to locate and potentially use the same data
b- to give credit to the people or agency who developed the data
c- to ensure that the data set is properly interpreted in the map
d- to avoid losing points on an assignment

A

a- to allow someone to locate and potentially use the same data

54
Q

data quality is defined as:

a- whether or not a data set is completely correct
b- the resolution at which the data are stored
c- the fitness of data for a given purpose
d- the scale at which the data are stored

A

c- the fitness of data for a given purpose

55
Q

in a tool, a parameter box marked with a red x __________________.

a- indicated an error in the parameter that must be fixed before the tool is run
b- indicates that the parameter must be filled in before the tool will run
c- indicates that the tool is ready to run
d- indicates an optional parameter that may be left blank

A

a- indicates an error in the parameter that must be fixed before the tool is run

56
Q

definition of the term ‘pixel’

a- the beginning and endpoint of a line feature
b- information about map features stored in columns of a table
c- a square data element in a raster holding one value for the map
d- stored x-y location; a group of them defines the shape of a line or polygon

A

c- a square data element in a raster holding on value for the map

57
Q

definition of the term ‘scene’

a- map data displaying in 3D using surface elevations
b- a map used to display natural features such as forests or mountains
c- a formal map for printing that includes titles, scale bars, etc.
d- a specific layout of windows and panes specified for the Pro GUI

A

a- map data displaying in 3D using surface elevations

58
Q

definition of the term “discrete data”

a- map objects that occupy distinct locations or have a limited set of values
b- a square data element in a raster holding one value for the map
c- numeric measurements, such as elevation, that exist at every location of a map
d- stored x-y location; a group of them defines the shape of a line or polygon

A

a- map objects that occupy distinct locations or have a limited set of values

59
Q

definition of the term “source scale”

a- the scale at which a data set was originally converted to digital form
b-the scale at which the map is currently displayed
c- the scale at which a layer appears or disappears
d- the scale of a layer when its entire extent is visible in the map

A

a- the scale at which a data set was originally converted to digital form

60
Q

definition of the term “attributes”

a- information about map features stored in columns of a table
b- data sets composed of an array of numeric values as cells or pixels
c- a list of the folders that must be traversed to locate a particular file
d- information stored about data to document it

A

a- information about map features stored in columns of a table

61
Q

definition of the term “feature”

a- a spatial object composed of one or more x-y coordinate pairs and a record in a table
b- an old spatial data format created for, and used by, Arc/INFO
c- a square data element in a raster holding one value for the map
d- stored x-y location; a group of them defines the shape of a line or polygon

A

a- a spatial object composed of one or more x-y coordinate pairs and a record in a table

62
Q

definition of the term “vector data”

a- a file that points to spatial data and stores how to display it
b- a data set composed of an array of numeric values as cells or pixels
c- numeric measurements, such as elevation, that exist at every location of a map
d- a spatial data storage method that uses points, lines, or polygons

A

d- a spatial data storage method that uses points, lines, or polygons

63
Q

The State of South Dakota would look largest if shown in a map at which of the following scales?

a- 1:1 million
b- 1:5 million
c- 1:20 million

A

a- 1:1 million

64
Q

Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

a- A 1:1 million scale map of faults in all of California should not be used to determine which parcels in the city are crossed by the fault.

b- The accuracy of a GIS analysis is determined by the least accurate data set included in the analysis.

c- Although it is possible to display a 1:1000 and a 1:1 million scale map together in a GIS, it is often not advisable to do so.

d- Users should always try to use the highest resolution data available regardless of the scale of the project being done.

A

a- A 1:1 million scale map of faults in all of California should not be used to determine which parcels in the city are crossed by the fault.

65
Q

A raster portraying a _________ blank is an example of continuous data.

a- road map
b- political party map
c- land use map
d- precipitation map
e- geology map

A

d- precipitation map

66
Q

Data that has been tied to a specific location on the earth’s surface is said to be _____________.

a- attributed
b- discrete
c- georeferenced
d- featured
e- continuous

A

c- georeferenced

67
Q

A closed figure composed of x-y coordinates is called a _____________.

a- polygon
b- feature class
c- line or polygon
d- point

A

a- polygon

68
Q

A data construct that contains information about spatial features, such as the name or population of a state feature, is known as a ______________.

a- table
b- cell
c- feature class
d- polygon
e- raster

A

a- table

69
Q

A figure composed of ordered x-y coordinates with two endpoints is called a ______________.

a- polygon
b- feature class
c- line or polyline
d- point

A

c- line or polyline

70
Q

The original scale from which a data set was developed is known as the ____________.

a- map scale
b- reference scale
c- display scale
d- source scale
e- fish scale

A

d- source scale

71
Q

Programs and devices that access data and services over Internet connections are called _____________.

a- clients
b- geographic information systems
c- servers
d- clouds
e- webcrawlers

A

a- clients

GIS (5 decks)

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