chap 2a Flashcards
research methods, make sure to read notes for this section
Why is research important?
Because seeing is not often “believing,” research separates claims from pseudoscience and facts.
Heuristics
(Mental shortcuts for problem-solving). And oversimplifying reality.
Law of Averages
False belief in the balancing of events. Where one event balances out another.
Gambler’s Fallacy
Belief in winning after repeated losses.
Representative Heuristic/law of small numbers
Assuming a small sample represents the whole population.
Availability Heuristic:
Easy recall makes events seem more frequent.
Correlation Misunderstanding:
Misinterpreting events as related when they’re not.
Illusory Correlations
The belief is that events go together when they don’t. A memory of an event can trigger another event that we may believe is true for every scenario. Leading to myths (e.g., weather affecting arthritis).
Hindsight Bias
Believing past events were predictable, delusion, or even “I knew it all along.”
Overconfidence Bias:
Overestimating one’s predictive abilities or underestimating one’s abilities.
Independent variables
There are many antihistamines that cause drowsiness and those that don’t. A variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by other variables.
Dependent Variables:
The study measured performance, accuracy, and response time in driving. What is meausred in the finding.
