chap 1b Flashcards
pseudoscience
the hot hand
being on a streak or coincidentally being lucky; GAMBLING.
Patternicitiy
Tendency to perceive meaningful images in meaningless ideas and beliefs. Examples) angle numbers, etc
Emotional reasoning fallacy
error in using our emotions to evaluate the validity of the claim, If we use our emotions to make significant decisions, we fall into an experiential mode of thinking.
Bandwagon fallacy
Just because many people don’t believe a claim doesn’t make it false anymore. A popular idea doesn’t mean it can be a dependable guide.
Not me fallacy
Thinking that we are immune from something that can afflict others, for example, COVID-19
Bias blind spot
our lack of awerness see in bias, for example how our family has bias and we don’t see it.
Opportunity cost
We may forfeit other effective treatments due to cost, time, and ineffective efforts. For example, if someone has cancer, they may lose hope and decide not to further their treatment.
Critical thinking
skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded mindset.
falsifiability
for a claim to be meaningful, it must be capable of being disproved. For example, a forecast that stands a chance of being wrong.
Occam’s razor (parsimony)
usually the simplest explanation is the best one out of the data set, for example Family line or lineage.
Replicability
reforming the experiment and forming new data.
Ruling out rival hypotheses
needing to consider alternative hypotheses instead when proven wrong. For example if data satisfies more than one hypothesis, then more research is needed
Correlation, not causation
just because something happens together doesn’t mean it is the cause of said phenomenon; chances are it can just be a random chance.
structuralism
Structuralism is a psychological approach that focuses on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. It aims to understand the structure of the mind by analyzing its individual elements, such as sensations, perceptions, and feelings. it is said to be the idea of an conscious experience.
functionalism
Functionalism is a psychological approach that focuses on the purpose and practical applications of the mind and mental processes. It emphasizes understanding how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment.
behaviourism
is what you can observe, Behaviorism is a psychological approach that focuses on observable behaviors and disregards internal mental processes. It emphasizes the study of how environmental factors influence behavior through conditioning and reinforcement.
Stimulus-response testing
an experiment where he put animals into a box and taught them to press a level in response. This created the rise of a reward or punishment system involved in modifying behavior.
Psychoanalysis
the exploration of the unconscious mind, including repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories, to understand and treat psychological disorders.
critical multiplism
The use of multiple methods in research like laboratory experiments, observations, etc.
Nature vs. Nurture
nature is an attribute we are born with, while nurture is something we develop over time with the environment around us.
Compatibilism
Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism can coexist, you have the freedom to do anything you wish, but it’s your choice to act on it.
determinism
Determinism is the idea that all events, including human actions, are predetermined by past events and natural laws, leaving no room for free will or randomness.
Monism vs. Isomorphism
Monism = mind is the soul and the brain is the brain,
isomorphism is when the mind and brain are the same
