chap 1b

Question 1

the hot hand

Answer 1

being on a streak or coincidentally being lucky; GAMBLING.

Question 2

Patternicitiy

Answer 2

Tendency to perceive meaningful images in meaningless ideas and beliefs. Examples) angle numbers, etc

Question 3

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Answer 3

error in using our emotions to evaluate the validity of the claim, If we use our emotions to make significant decisions, we fall into an experiential mode of thinking.

Question 4

Bandwagon fallacy

Answer 4

Just because many people don’t believe a claim doesn’t make it false anymore. A popular idea doesn’t mean it can be a dependable guide.

Question 5

Not me fallacy

Answer 5

Thinking that we are immune from something that can afflict others, for example, COVID-19

Question 6

Bias blind spot

Answer 6

our lack of awerness see in bias, for example how our family has bias and we don’t see it.

Question 7

Opportunity cost

Answer 7

We may forfeit other effective treatments due to cost, time, and ineffective efforts. For example, if someone has cancer, they may lose hope and decide not to further their treatment.

Question 8

Critical thinking

Answer 8

skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded mindset.

Question 9

falsifiability

Answer 9

for a claim to be meaningful, it must be capable of being disproved. For example, a forecast that stands a chance of being wrong.

Question 10

Occam’s razor (parsimony)

Answer 10

usually the simplest explanation is the best one out of the data set, for example Family line or lineage.

Question 11

Replicability

Answer 11

reforming the experiment and forming new data.

Question 12

Ruling out rival hypotheses

Answer 12

needing to consider alternative hypotheses instead when proven wrong. For example if data satisfies more than one hypothesis, then more research is needed

Question 13

Correlation, not causation

Answer 13

just because something happens together doesn’t mean it is the cause of said phenomenon; chances are it can just be a random chance.

Question 14

structuralism

Answer 14

Structuralism is a psychological approach that focuses on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. It aims to understand the structure of the mind by analyzing its individual elements, such as sensations, perceptions, and feelings. it is said to be the idea of an conscious experience.

Question 15

functionalism

Answer 15

Functionalism is a psychological approach that focuses on the purpose and practical applications of the mind and mental processes. It emphasizes understanding how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment.

Question 16

behaviourism

Answer 16

is what you can observe, Behaviorism is a psychological approach that focuses on observable behaviors and disregards internal mental processes. It emphasizes the study of how environmental factors influence behavior through conditioning and reinforcement.

Question 17

Stimulus-response testing

Answer 17

an experiment where he put animals into a box and taught them to press a level in response. This created the rise of a reward or punishment system involved in modifying behavior.

Question 18

Psychoanalysis

Answer 18

the exploration of the unconscious mind, including repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories, to understand and treat psychological disorders.

Question 20

critical multiplism

Answer 20

The use of multiple methods in research like laboratory experiments, observations, etc.

Question 21

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 21

nature is an attribute we are born with, while nurture is something we develop over time with the environment around us.

Question 22

Compatibilism

Answer 22

Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism can coexist, you have the freedom to do anything you wish, but it’s your choice to act on it.

Question 23

determinism

Answer 23

Determinism is the idea that all events, including human actions, are predetermined by past events and natural laws, leaving no room for free will or randomness.

Question 24

Monism vs. Isomorphism

Answer 24

Monism = mind is the soul and the brain is the brain,
isomorphism is when the mind and brain are the same

Question 25

Dualism vs. interactionism

Answer 25

dualism is when the mind is the soul and it is separate from brain. interactionism is the same thing but they interact.

Question 26

Epiphenomenalism

Answer 26

the brain controls behavior, but the mind doesn’t.

Question 27

Parallelism

Answer 27

Parallelism = the mind and brain are correlated, as what occurs in the mind also occurs in the brain.