Chap 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

Waxes

A
  • An ester formed between two fatty acids. Secreted from sebaceous glands for protection, bees make it
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2
Q

fatty acid-saturated vs unsaturated

A
  • Carboxyl group with long carbon backbone attached. Saturated has no double bonds, while unsaturated has double bonds.
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3
Q

Saturated and unsaturated fats to know

A
  • Saturated
    o Palmitic acid – 16C – CH3(CH2)14COOH
    o Stearic acid – 18C – CH3(CH2)16COOH
  • Unsaturated
    o Oleic – 18C – 1 double bond at carbon 9 (omega 9)
    o Linoleic – 18C – 2 double bonds, one at 9 and one at 12 (omega 6)
    o Linolenic – 18C – 3 double bonds, one at 9, 12, and 15 (omega 3)
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4
Q

an “omega-3, or omega 6

A
  • Has the first double bond 3, 6, or 9 carbons from the omega carbon (last C)
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5
Q

What is the difference between a fat and an oil?

A
  • Fats – solid triglycerides – contain high proportion of saturated fats.
  • Oils – liquid triglycerides – contain high proportion of unsaturated fats.
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6
Q

Are most double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids found in animals cis, or trans?

A
  • cis
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7
Q

hydrogenation and what effect this has on lipids.

A
  • Adding H atoms to an unsaturated fatty acid. This can result in trans fats.
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8
Q

Where do most trans fatty acids come from in our diets? What physical properties do trans fatty acids have in common with saturated fats?

A
  • Processed foods. They are straight, like saturated fats so they stack well but don’t get broken down easily.
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9
Q

When you hydrolyze oils or fats with a base, what happens? What is this called?

A
  • Soaps are formed. Saponification
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10
Q

Know how soaps and detergents work.

A
  • They have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end. The hydrophobic end reacts with fats, then gets dissolved in water in micelles.
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11
Q

lipids in cellmemembrane

A
  • Glycerophopholipid – amino alcohol - phosphate - glycerol - 2 fatty acid chains
    o Very abundant in most cell membranes
  • Sphingomyelin – amino alcohol – phosphate – sphingosine – 1 fatty acid (via amide)
    o Along the spinal cord
  • Glycolipic – sugar – sphingosine – 1 fatty acid (via amide)
    o In the brain
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12
Q

cholesterole and steroidsturcture

A
  • Cholesterol makes up about 1/3 of cell membranes. Provides rigidity.
  • Steroids have 3 6 fused 6 carbon rings as well as a 5 carbon ring.
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13
Q

What is the major function of cholesterole

A
  • Provide rigidity to cell membranes
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14
Q

fluid-mosaic model

A

integral, and peripheral membrane proteins

  • Integral goes into the hydrophobic portion of membrane
  • Peripheral just interacts with the lipid heads.
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15
Q

different types of transport across membranes

A

o Simple occurs because of osmosis. Only nonpolar molecules
o Facilitated occurs through a protein channel, without energy
Active – runs against a gradient and required energy

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16
Q

three major types of eicosanoids

A

leukotrienes: three conjugated double bonds
- Cause inflammation, trigger asthmatic response and allergic reactions
Prostaglandins: cyclopentane ring
- Stimulate uterine contractions, induce labor and cause inflammation
- Targeted by aspirin, blocks the formation from arachidonic acid
thromboxanes: six-membered cyclic ether- ring