Chap 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an enzyme

A
  • Organic catalyst – decreases the activation energy
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2
Q

Turnover

A
  • Number of cycles in a unit of time
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3
Q

six classes of enzymes

A
  • Oxidoreducatases – redox reactions
  • Transferases – transfer groups of acids (AB + C&raquo_space; A + BC)
  • Hydrolases – Hydrolysis (AB +H2O&raquo_space; A+B) – digestive enzymes
  • Isomerases – interconvert isomers (fructose&raquo_space; glucose)
  • Lyases – add/remove atoms to form double bonds
  • Lygases - use ATP to combine 2 molecules
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4
Q

lock and key vs induced fit

A
  • Lock and key – must be the right shape to fit and allow reaction (old model)
  • Induced fit – conformational changes to allow reaction (new model)
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5
Q

the three main catalytic mechanisms that allow enzymes to lower the EActivation

A
  • Migration of the substrate into the enzyme
  • Substrate is forced into a less stable state
  • Bonding electrons are drawn away and activation energy is decreased
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6
Q

Catalytic triad

A
  • Ser, His and Asp
  • H+ transfers from serine to histidine
  • Serine side chains bonds to the peptide bond carbon
  • Peptide bond is broken and the new NH2 leaves the active site
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7
Q

the effects of concentration, temperature, and pH on enzyme activity.

A
  • Increased concentration = increased activity
  • Optimal temperature increases activity
  • Optimal pH increases activity.
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8
Q

Different types of enzyme regulations

A
  • Allosteric – binding of a regulator affects proteins ability to bind another
    - Feedback/feedforward – alteration of enzymes activity by the products of an earlier or later product in the pathway
    - Competitive vs. noncompetitive – competitive binding of the inhibitor to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate. Noncompetitive – something binds to the enzyme, changing the shape making the substrate unable to bond to the active site. More effective at inhibiting.
    • Reversible vs. irreversible -
  • Covalent modification: zymogens (proenzymes) – becomes active after undergoing a chemical change. – Phosphorylation: kinases use ATP to phosphates to catalyze the reaction.
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