chap 22 Flashcards
arteries
oxygenated, nutrient rich blood
veins
deoxygenated, nutrient depleted, waste laden blood
capillaries
enable exchange of nutrients
lymphatic system
drain excess fluid and plasma proteins from bodily tissues
hair loss, numbness, swelling (subjective)
indicate poor blood flow
femoral pulse
below and medial to the inguinal ligament
politeal pulse
- easier to find prone
- fairly deep
- behind knee
dorsalis pedis pulse
- assess both feet at same time
- apply pressure internal to and along the side of the extensor tendons of the big toe
posterior tibial pulse
- palpate in the groove between the ankle and the achilles tendon
- bilateral assessment
peripheral edema
- swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body’s tissues
- most common in hands, arms, feet, ankles, and legs
0+ peripheral edema
no pitting
1+ peripheral edema
mild pitting, 2 mm depression that disappears rapidly
2+ peripheral edema
moderately pitting, 4 mm depression that disappears in 10-15 secs
3+ peripheral edema
moderately severe pitting, 6 mm depression that may last more than 1 min
4+ peripheral edema
severe pitting edema, 8 mm depression that may last more than 2 min
arterial insufficiency
- pain: intermittent to sharp
- pulses: diminished or absent
- skin: pallor, dry, shiny skin, cool to cold temp, loss of hair, nails thickened/rigged
peripheral artery disease
- arteries slowly become narrowed or blocked
- plaque gradually forms
- untreated risk for heart attack, stroke, TIA, renal artery disease, amputation
PAD risk assessment
- smoking
- diabetes
- obesity
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia
- increased age
- family history
- african american
venous insufficiency
- pain: aching, cramping
- pulses: present but difficult to palpate due to edema
- skin: pigmentation, skin thickened and tough, reddish-blue color
ischemia
- death of tissue
- inadequate blood supply to tissues, usually caused by a problem in the blood vessel
deep vein thrombosis
deep vein that is occluded by a blood clot
risk factors for DVT
- prolonged bedrest
- history of varicose veins
- trauma
- infection
- cancer
- oral contraception
signs and symptoms of DVT
- sudden onset of intense, sharp, deep muscle pain
- increased warmth
- increased swelling
- redness
- dependent cyanosis
- tender to palpation
homan sign
positive sign: pain in calf on forceful /abrupt dorsiflexion of the patient’s foot
raynaud disease
vascular disorder that causes intermittent interruption of blood flow to the exterities
lymphedema
swelling that generally occurs in one of your arm/leg
varicose veins
superficial veins that have become enlarged
