chap 13 Flashcards
a healthy diet includes
45-65% carbs with 75% of those being complex
malnutrition
nutritional reserves depleted or inadequate nutrients
groups @ risk for malnutrition
- infants&children
- pregnant women
- recent immigrants
- low income
- hospitalized
- aging
- illness/disorders
risk factors
- low SES
- lifestyle of long work hours
- poor food choices (children/teen/adults)
- chronic dieting
- chronic diseases
- dental issues
- limited access
- eating disorders
- illness/trauma
who is considered overweight
person 10% over ideal body weight
who is considered obese
person over 20% ideal body weight
health risks of overnutrition
- diabetes
- heart disease
- stroke
- hypertension
- forms of cancer
- osteoarthritis
- sleep apnea
people @ risk for overhydration
kidney, liver, and cardiac diseases
nutritional screening tools
- 24 hr food recall
- nutritional history
- nutritional screening
body types
- mesomorph
- ectomorph
- endomorph
anthropometric measurements
- height/weight
- BMI
- waist circumference
- mid-arm circumference
- triceps skin-fold thickness
- mid-arm muscle circumference
BMI <18.5
underweight
BMI 25-29.9
overweight
BMI 30
obese
factors affecting hydration
- exposure to high temperatures
- inability to access adequate fluids
- excess intake alcohol/other diuretics
- diuretic medications
- impaired thirst medications
- high fevers
over-hydration S/S
- weight gains 6-10 lbs a week
- pitting edema
- visible neck veins
- cracking lung veins
- elevated pulse rate
dehydration S/S
- weight loss 6-10 lbs a week
- tenting
- filling/emptying of venous more than 6-10 sec
- flat veins in supine client
- dry tongue
- sunken eyes
- BP decreased w/ elevated pulse rate
- radial pulse 1+
male hemoglobin level
13-18 g/dL
female hemoglobin level
13-16 g/dL
male hematocrit level
40-52%
female hematocrit level
36-48%
fasting blood sugar
65-99 mg/dL
total protein level
6-8 g/dL
vitamins pregnant women need
- iron
- folate
- zinc
normal pregnant weight gain (recommended)
25-35 lbs
underweight pregnant weight gain (recommended)
28-40 lbs
overweight pregnant weight gain (recommended)
15-25 lbs
obese pregnant weight gain (recommended)
11-20 lbs
how much percent of weight do infants lose in the first couple days?
10%
-gain back by 7th-10th day
weight doubles (infants)
4 months
weight triples (infants)
1 year
aging adult consideration
- decreased physical health/organ function
- loss of teeth
- loss of lean body mass
- changes in taste & smell
- decrease functional capability
