chap 20 Flashcards
breast is composed of
- glandular tissue
- 15-20 lobes
- lobules
- each lobe empties into lactiferous duct
- fibrous tissue
- adipose tissue
site of most breast tumors
tail of spence
4 quadrants of breast
- upper inner quadrant
- upper outer quadrant
- lower inner quadrant
- lower outer quadrant
function of female breast
- produce & store milk
- sexual stimulation
male breast
- rudimentary structure
- have no functional capability
- can still get breast cancer
axillary nodes
- central axillary node
- lateral
- pectoral
- subscapular
function of axillary nodes
“body’s sewage system”
supermumerary nipple
- extra nipple
- can lactate & become sensitive
- develops along mammary ridge
colostrum
- produced by 4th month of pregnancy
- high in antibodies that protect newborn
- “first milk”
retracted or pulled outward nipples
sign of cancer
aging adult considerations
- drooping
- thickening of at lower breast
- breasts feel more granular
aging consideration with breast cancer
women over 50 years old increase risk
what kind of diet increases chance of breast cancer
high fat diet
increase risk for women who haven’t …
given birth or had a child over 30 years old
retraction or dimpling of breasts
can be sign of cancer
ways to inspect breasts
- lift arms over head
- push hands onto hips and then push two palms together
- have client lead forward
palpation of breasts
- supine position
- tuck small pad under side to be palpated
- raise arm over head to flatten breast tissue
- use pads of 3 fingers
techniques for palpation of breasts
- from nipple, palpating out of periphery as if following spokes on a wheel
- vertical strip pattern recommended
- palpating in concentric circles out to periphery
mastectomy palpation
- palpate scar
- not scars/incisions
inspection and palpation of axillae
- note nodes and skin
- nodes shouldn’t be very pronounced, should be movable
male breast objective data
- inspect chest wall
- palpate nipple area
- palpate axillary lymph nodes
DO NOT OMIT ASSESSMENT
best time for breast self-exam
right after menstrual period
steps in breast self-exam
- complete in front minor
- raise arms
- look for discharge
- lie down or in shower
mammogram
- start at age 40
- yearly at 40-45
- biennial screening mammography for 50-74
- no mammogram in women over 75
non-modifiable risk factors
- gender
- age>40
- race/ethnicity
- patient and/or family history
- breast consistency
- early menstruation or later menopause
- medications
- chest radiation before age 40
modifiable risk factors
- not have children/given birth after 30
- use of oral contraceptives
- hormone replacement therapy
- never breastfed child
- alcohol
- obesity
- high fat diet
- smoking
- physical inactivity
- light at night when sleeping
signs/symptoms of breast cancer
- swelling of all/part of a breast
- skin irritation or dimpling
- breast/nipple pain
- nipple retraction
- redness/thickening of nipple/breast skin
- discharge
- tumor
benign breast disease
- round, elastic, defined, tender, and mobile cysts
- common from age 30 to menopause
