chap 20

Question 1

breast is composed of

Answer 1

• glandular tissue
• 15-20 lobes
• lobules
• each lobe empties into lactiferous duct
• fibrous tissue
• adipose tissue

Question 2

site of most breast tumors

Answer 2

tail of spence

Question 3

4 quadrants of breast

Answer 3

• upper inner quadrant
• upper outer quadrant
• lower inner quadrant
• lower outer quadrant

Question 4

function of female breast

Answer 4

• produce & store milk

- sexual stimulation

Question 5

male breast

Answer 5

• rudimentary structure
• have no functional capability
• can still get breast cancer

Question 6

axillary nodes

Answer 6

• central axillary node
• lateral
• pectoral
• subscapular

Question 7

function of axillary nodes

Answer 7

“body’s sewage system”

Question 8

supermumerary nipple

Answer 8

• extra nipple
• can lactate & become sensitive
• develops along mammary ridge

Question 9

colostrum

Answer 9

• produced by 4th month of pregnancy
• high in antibodies that protect newborn
• “first milk”

Question 10

retracted or pulled outward nipples

Answer 10

sign of cancer

Question 11

aging adult considerations

Answer 11

• drooping
• thickening of at lower breast
• breasts feel more granular

Question 12

aging consideration with breast cancer

Answer 12

women over 50 years old increase risk

Question 13

what kind of diet increases chance of breast cancer

Answer 13

high fat diet

Question 14

increase risk for women who haven’t …

Answer 14

given birth or had a child over 30 years old

Question 15

retraction or dimpling of breasts

Answer 15

can be sign of cancer

Question 16

ways to inspect breasts

Answer 16

• lift arms over head
• push hands onto hips and then push two palms together
• have client lead forward

Question 17

palpation of breasts

Answer 17

• supine position
• tuck small pad under side to be palpated
• raise arm over head to flatten breast tissue
• use pads of 3 fingers

Question 18

techniques for palpation of breasts

Answer 18

• from nipple, palpating out of periphery as if following spokes on a wheel
• vertical strip pattern recommended
• palpating in concentric circles out to periphery

Question 19

mastectomy palpation

Answer 19

• palpate scar

- not scars/incisions

Question 20

inspection and palpation of axillae

Answer 20

• note nodes and skin

- nodes shouldn’t be very pronounced, should be movable

Question 21

male breast objective data

Answer 21

• inspect chest wall
• palpate nipple area
• palpate axillary lymph nodes

DO NOT OMIT ASSESSMENT

Question 22

best time for breast self-exam

Answer 22

right after menstrual period

Question 23

steps in breast self-exam

Answer 23

• complete in front minor
• raise arms
• look for discharge
• lie down or in shower

Question 24

mammogram

Answer 24

• start at age 40
• yearly at 40-45
• biennial screening mammography for 50-74
• no mammogram in women over 75

Question 25

non-modifiable risk factors

Answer 25

• gender
• age>40
• race/ethnicity
• patient and/or family history
• breast consistency
• early menstruation or later menopause
• medications
• chest radiation before age 40

Question 26

modifiable risk factors

Answer 26

• not have children/given birth after 30
• use of oral contraceptives
• hormone replacement therapy
• never breastfed child
• alcohol
• obesity
• high fat diet
• smoking
• physical inactivity
• light at night when sleeping

Question 27

signs/symptoms of breast cancer

Answer 27

• swelling of all/part of a breast
• skin irritation or dimpling
• breast/nipple pain
• nipple retraction
• redness/thickening of nipple/breast skin
• discharge
• tumor

Question 28

benign breast disease

Answer 28

• round, elastic, defined, tender, and mobile cysts

- common from age 30 to menopause