Chap 20, 21, 22

Question 1

What is algae

Answer 1

Algae are photosynthetic organisms that live in streams, ponds lakes, swamps & oceans

Question 2

Why must algae live near water source

Answer 2

Unlike land plants most algae plants lack an internal system of tubes to move water & materials from one part of plant to another

Question 3

What do land plants have that algae don’t

Answer 3

roots, stems, & leaves

Question 4

What are the 3 groups of multicellular algae

Answer 4

green algae
brown algae
red algae

Question 5

green algae

Answer 5

-members of phylum Chlorophyta
- contains chlorophyll a & b
-store food in form of starch
-moist areas on land /sea. Some in oceans
- Colonial, Ulva examples

Question 6

red algae

Answer 6

-members of phylum Rhodophyta
- contain chlorophyll a red accesory pigments (phycobilins)
- can live in deep oceans
- stores food in form of special starches
ex: irish moss

Question 7

brown algae

Answer 7

-members of phylum phaeophyta
- contains chlorophyll a & c brown accesory pigments (fucoxanthin)
- store food in special starches & oils
- ex: kelp

Question 8

What is alternation of generation

Answer 8

plants alternate between two different life stages, or generations, in their life cycle; a haploid stage called gametophyte and a diploid stage called sporophyte.

Question 9

reproduction in Chlamydomonas

Answer 9

reproduces asexually when haploid cells divide mitosis. and form 2, 4, 8 or more daughter cells, that are then released.

Sexual reproduction occurs when special cells (gametes) are produced that are capable of attaching to one another by their flagellae, & spin in the water. Both members shed cell walls & fuse forming diploid zygote. Fusing of gametes is called syngamy

Question 10

Reproduction in Ulva

Answer 10

• both diploid & haploid stages multicellular
  -diploid known as sporophyte “spore producer”
• haploid known as gametophyte “gamete producer”
  -production of 2 different kinds of gametes heterogamy

Question 11

Reproduction in Fucus

Answer 11

-female gametes radically different from one another
- female egg can’t swim
-male sperm small has flagella & can swim

Question 12

How did plants move from aquatic to land

Answer 12

Roots and root hairs allow plants to absorb nutrients and water from the soil.

Water loss was the primary challenge plants faced when moving from aquatic to terrestrial environments; cutin, stomata, roots, and root hairs all help terrestrial plants absorb and conserve water.

Question 13

What adaptations did plants do to live on land

Answer 13

Plant adaptations to life on land include the development of many structures — a water-repellent cuticle, stomata to regulate water evaporation, specialized cells to provide rigid support against gravity, specialized structures to collect sunlight, alternation of haploid and diploid generations

Question 14

characteristics of brophytes

Answer 14

1. bryophytes are non-vascular, meaning they lack the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and true roots necessary to transport water and minerals.
2. bryophytes are seedless and flowerless.
3. bryophytes have adapted to have a waxycuticle and root-like structures (rhizoids) to live successfully on land. The waxy cuticle helps prevent water loss through evaporation, and the rhizoids are hair filaments that anchor bryophytes and allow growth on places such as the surfaces of rocks.

Question 15

how do brophytes reproduce

Answer 15

-sperm swim through water to fertilize eggs, using their flagella to people themselves

Question 16

Moss Life cycle

Answer 16

1. Antheridium produces sperm
2. Archegoneium produces eggs

-Sperm swims to the archegonium through rainwater or dew & sygamy (fusing of gametes)

• happens when diploid 2n zygote produced
• Inside mature sporophyte haploid cells produced by meiosis
• When capsule ripens spores released

Question 17

Moss Life cycle

Answer 17

1. Antheridium produces sperm
2. Archegoneium produces eggs

-Sperm swims to the archegonium through rainwater or dew & sygamy (fusing of gametes)

• happens when diploid 2n zygote produced
• Inside mature sporophyte haploid cells produced by meiosis
• When capsule ripens spores released

Question 18

What is phylum tracheophyta

Answer 18

“true land plants evolded to free themselved from dependance of wet environments

Question 19

what tissues are there

Answer 19

xylem- moves water from roots to all parts of the plant

phloem- transports nutrients & products of photosynthesis

Tracheid cells in xylem that have thick strong walls that strengthen stems & help plants stand

Question 20

Where are true roots gathered

Answer 20

True roots gathered in central area of root called vascular tissue

Question 21

What are true leaves

Answer 21

photosynthetic organs contain

-veins- areas in leaves contain 1 or more bundles of vascular tissue

cuticle- waxy covering that helps prevent water loss by evaporation