Chap 18-19

Question 1

What are the major characteristics of protists

Answer 1

-Colonial
- Unicellular
- Single-celled
- Eukaryotic organism

Question 2

What is the endosymbiont Hypothesis

Answer 2

states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).

This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells.

Question 3

What is fungi

Answer 3

eukaryotic heterotroph

Question 4

What are the major characteristsics of the 4 phyla of animal like protsist

Answer 4

Zooflagellates swim

sarcodines use pseudopods,

ciliates use cilia,

sporozoans do not move on their own.

Question 5

What are the major characteristsics of the 4 phyla of plant like protsist

Answer 5

Phylum Euglenophyta, - by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor

Phylum Chrysophyta,- It has two rows of mastigonemes (flagellar hairs) causing the pulling effect of its movement.

Phylum Bacillariophyta,- non-motile, or capable of only limited movement

Phylum Pyrophyta - by the use of flagella,

Question 6

What are fungi

Answer 6

eukaryotic heterotrophs

Question 7

How do fungi obtain food

Answer 7

Depends on other organisms for food usually decaying organic matter since many fungi are saprophytes

Question 8

Fungi structure

Answer 8

• thin filaments know as hyphae
• some hyphae lack cross walls & contain many nuclei
• Multicellular fungi has mycelium (tangled thick strands of hyphae

Question 9

how does fungi reproduce

Answer 9

Sexually & asexually

Question 10

What is fungi asexual reproduction

Answer 10

-hyphae break off & begin to grow on their own
- Some fungi produce spores that scatter & grow
-Spores produced in sporangia. Sporangia at tips of sporangiophores

Question 11

What is fungi sexual reproduction

Answer 11

-Hyphae opposite mating type meet & fuse bringing + & - nuclei together

-After growth/ development, nuclei form diploid zygote nucleus

• Zygote enters meiosis
• Spores can grow into new oganisms

Question 12

Protist like fungi (Oomycota

Answer 12

• “water molds”
  -Reproduce asexually
• Produce motile spores that can swim through water & rain
  -hyphae lack cross walls

Question 13

Common molds (Zygomycota)

Answer 13

-zygospores life cycle
- Resting spore containing sygotes formed during sexual phase of mold’s life cycle
-

Question 14

What is the role of fungi in the environment

Answer 14

-maintain equilibrium in every ecosystem
-recylce nutrients by breaking down the bodies & wastes of other organisms