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Chap 13 & 14 > Chap 15 17 > Flashcards

Chap 15 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are biological classification important

A
  1. assign universally accepted name
  2. places organisms into groups that have real biological meaning
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2
Q

What did Linnaeus do

A

invented system for naming plants and animals known as binomial nomenclature

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3
Q

List the order of taxonomy

A

Kingdom- Animals & Plants

Phylum- organisms sharing basic important characteristic

Class- Carnivora

Order-

Family-

Genus

Species-

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4
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms

A

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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5
Q

What is autotroph

A

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Ex: plants

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6
Q

What is chemotroph

A

organism that obtains energy mainly from carbon dioxide and from other inorganic chemicals through a process called chemosynthesis.

Ex: mushrooms & Bacteria

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7
Q

what is photoautotroph

A

photosynthetic organism that utilises energy from light to synthesise organic molecules.

Ex: green algae, and cyanobacteria, phytoplankton

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8
Q

what is heterotroph

A

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

Ex: animals humans

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9
Q

What is Prokaryotic Kingdom

A

All Prokaryotes placed here Eubacteria or Archaebacteria. Lack nuclei, mitochondria, & chloroplast

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10
Q

Protista

A

Contains all single-celled eukaryotic organisms

divided into 3 groups Animallike, plantlike, fungilike

Animalike may have evolved into animals
Plantlike may have evolved into plants
Fungi plantlike protist evolved into fungi

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11
Q

Fungi

A

Don’t have cellulose

Heterotrophic

Fungi aren’t photosynthetic

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12
Q

Plantae

A

Multicellular

Cell walls containing cellulose

Autotrophic

Carries photosynthesis using chlorophyll

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13
Q

Animalia

A

Multicellular

heterotrophic

have cell membranes without cell walls

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14
Q

eukaryotes

A

prokaryotic microorganisms consisting of a single cell lacking a nucleus and containing DNA is a single circular chromosome

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15
Q

prokaryotes

A

group of microorganisms considered to be an ancient form of life that evolved separately from the bacteria and blue-green algae,

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16
Q

How are prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms. while eukaryotes contain membrane bound organelle.

Prokaryotes are plant cells and eukaryotes are animals

17
Q

What is a virus

A

non cellular particle made up of genetic material & protein that can invade living cells

18
Q

What is the structure of a virus

A

Composed of core nucleic acid surrounded by capsid protein coat. Contains genes

19
Q

What is botulism

A

rare but serious illness caused by a toxin that attacks the body’s nerves and causes difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death.

20
Q

What can you do to prevent bacteria growth

A

sterilization- destruction of bacteria through heat or chemicals

b) refrigeration- slowing the growth of bacteria by

subjecting them to cold)

c) addition of preservatives - chemicals such as salt,

sugar, and vinegar

21
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Asexual & Sexual reproduction

Lytic & Lysogenic Cycle

22
Q

What do humans use to fight off bacterial infections

A

Antibodies produced by the immune sytem

23
Q

What are the parts of a virus

A

nucleic acid (single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA) and a protein coat, the capsid

24
Q

What are the steps of Lytic Cycle

A
  1. Bacteriophage attaches to host
  2. Bacteriophage injects viral DNA
  3. Bacteriophage DNA replicates & phage proteins made
  4. New phage particles are assembled
  5. Cell lyses releases newly made phages
25
Q

What are the steps of Lysogenic Cycle

A
  1. The phage infects a cell
  2. the phage DNA becomes incorporated into host genome
  3. Cell divides & phrophage DNA passed onto daughter cell
  4. Enters lytic cycle under stressful situations
  5. Cell lyses releasing new phages
  6. New phage particles assembled
  7. phage DNA replicates & phage proteins are made
26
Q

Why are viruses considered non-living

A

not made out of cells, they can’t keep themselves in a stable state, they don’t grow, and they can’t make their own energy.

27
Q

What are retroviruses

A

Retroviruses contain RNA as genetic info. When they infect a cell it produces DNA copy of their RNA genes.

28
Q

How did retrovirus get their name

A

From their genetic info being copied backwards

29
Q

What are vaccines made out of & how do they work

A

Vaccines contain killed, weakened, or synthetically manufactured versions of the disease-causing germ or parts of the germ called antigens.
Vaccines teach the immune system how to recognize and fight off specific disease-causing germs

Chap 13 & 14 (5 decks)

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