Chap 2: Evolution, Genetics, & Experience Flashcards
Instinctive behaviors
Behaviors that occur in all like members of a species, even when there seems to have been no opportunity for them to have been learned
Asomatognosia
A deficiency in the awareness of parts of ones own body
Usually involves the left side of the body and damages the right parietal lobe
Social dominance
Miles combat with other makes such as physical damage, which is mainly posturing and threatening until one of the two combatants backs down
Courtship display
The male approaches the female and signals his interest whether by olfactory, visual, auditory, or tactful
Chordates
Animals with dorsal nerve cords (large nerves that run along the center of the back, or dorsum)
Spandrels
The incidental non adaptive evolutionary by product
Exaptation
Evolved to preform one function and were later co-opted to perform another
Homologous
Structures that are similar because they have a common evolutionary origin
Analogous
Structures that are similar but don’t have a common evolutionary origin
Convergent
The similarities between analogous structures
Brain stem
Regulates reflex activities that are critical for survival (e.g, heart rate, respiration, & blood glucose level)
Cerebrum
Involves in more complex adaptive processes such as learning, perception, & motivation
Promiscuity
Is a mating arrangement in which the members of both sexes indiscriminately copulate with many different partners during each mating period
Polygyny
An arrangement in which one male forms mating bonds with more than one female
Polyandry
A mating arrangement in which one female forms mating bonds than one male
Doesn’t occur in mammals occurs only in species where male reproduction is greater than those of the females
Monogamy
A mate-bonding pattern in which enduring bonds are formed between one male and one female
It’s more evolved in those mammalian species in which each female could raise more young or more fit young if she had undivided help
Ontogeny
The development of individuals over their life span
Phylogeny
Is the evolutionary development of species through the ages
Descending motor pathway
Descends from the high vocal center on each side, it mediates song production
Anterior forebrain pathway
Mediates song learning
Monozygotic twins
(Identical twins) who developed from the same zygote and thus are genetically identical
Dizygotic twins
(Fraternal twins) who developed from two zygotes and thus are no more similar than any pair of siblings
Heritability estimate
Is not about individual development; it is a numerical estimate of the proportion of variability that occurred in the a particular trait in a particular study as a result of the genetic variation in that study
Multiplier effect
When a particular gene encourages a developing individual to select experiences that increase the behavioral effects of the gene
