Chap 1: Biopsychology

Question 1

The cells of nervous system

Answer 1

Behavior depends upon the communication between neurons

The brain has about 100 billion neurons

Question 2

Cerebral cortex

Answer 2

12 to 15 billion neurons

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

70 billion neurons

Question 4

Spinal cord

Answer 4

1 billon neurons

Question 5

Monist

Answer 5

Both (mental decision and the movement of the arm) are physical

Question 6

Dualist

Answer 6

Mental and physical are separate substances

Question 7

Descartes: Cartesian Impasse

Answer 7

Neuron fires an action potential-> action potential reaches the terminal-> neurotransmitter is released-> and binds to receptors on post synaptic neuron

Question 8

Neurotransmitters

Answer 8

GABA, Glutamate, Dopamine

Question 9

Biopsychology

Answer 9

The scientific study of the biology of behavior

It draws together knowledge from the other neuroscientific disciplines and apply it to the study of behavior

Question 10

Psychology

Answer 10

The scientific study of behavior-the scientific study of all overt activities of the organism as well as the internal processes that are presumed to underlie them (learning, memory, motivation, perception, & emotion)

Question 11

Difference between Biopsychology and neuroscience

Answer 11

Neuroscience is a team effort and biopsychologists are important members of the team

Question 12

Neuroanatomy

Answer 12

The study of the structure of the nervous system

Question 13

Neurochemistry

Answer 13

The study of the chemical bases of neural activity

Question 14

Neuroendocrinology

Answer 14

The study of the chemical bases of neural activity

Question 15

Neuropathology

Answer 15

The study of nervous system disorders

Question 16

Neuropharmacology

Answer 16

The study of the effects of drugs on neural activity

Question 17

Neurophysiology

Answer 17

The study of the functions and activities of the nervous system

Question 18

Physiological psychology

Answer 18

The division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behavior through the direct manipulation of the brain in controlled experiments (surgical & electrical methods)

Question 19

Psychopharmacology

Answer 19

Is similar to physiological psychology, except that it focuses on the manipulation of neural activity and behavior with drugs
It’s purpose is to develop therapeutic drugs or to reduce drug abuse

Question 20

Neuropsychology

Answer 20

The study of the psychological effects of brain damage in human patients
Deals almost exclusively with case studies and quasi experimental studies of patients with brain damage resulting from disease, accident, or neurosurgery

Question 21

Cerebral cortex

Answer 21

The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres that is most likely to be damaged by accident or surgery

Question 22

Psychophysiology

Answer 22

The division of biopsychology that studies the relation between physiological activity and psychological processes in human subjects

Question 23

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 23

The usual measure of brain activity is the scalp

Question 24

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 24

The division of the nervous system that regulates the body’s inner environment

Question 25

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 25

The youngest division of biopsychology, but it is currently among the most active and exciting It studies the neural bases of cognition

Question 26

Cognition

Answer 26

A term that generally refers to higher intellectual processes such as thought, memory, attention, & complex perceptual processes

Question 27

Functional brain imaging

Answer 27

Recording images of the activity of the living human brain; while a subject is engaged in a particular cognitive activity, the major method of cognitive neuroscience

Question 28

Comparative psychology

Answer 28

Compare the behavior of different species in order to understand the evolution, genetics, and adaptiveness of behavior

Question 29

Ethological research

Answer 29

The study of animal behavior in its natural environment

Question 30

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 30

A subfield that focuses on understanding behavior by considering its likely evolutionary origins

Question 31

Behavioral genetics

Answer 31

The study of genetic influences on behavior

Question 32

Critical thinking

Answer 32

The identification of weaknesses in existing beliefs is one of the major stimuli for scientists to adopt creative new approaches

Question 33

Morgan's Canon

Answer 33

When there are several possible interpretations for a behavioral observation

Question 34

Prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 34

A surgical procedure in which the connections between the prefrontal lobes and the rest of the brain are cut as a treatment for mental illness

Question 35

Prefrontal lobes

Answer 35

Large areas, left and right at the very front of the brain

Question 36

Transorbital lobotomy

Answer 36

It involves inserting an ice pick like device under the eyelid, driving it through the orbit (the eye socket) with a few taps of a mallet, & pushing it into the frontal lobes

Question 37

Psychosurgery

Answer 37

Any brain surgery, such as prefrontal lobotomy, preformed for the treatment of a psychological problem