Chap 15

Question 1

1) Define DRA. Differential reinforcement if alternative behavior

Answer 1

Procedure used to increase the frequency of desirable behavior(functionally equivalent to problem behavior ) and decrease the frequency of undesirable behavior
Ex mrs Williams complains a lot when nurse is present place that on extinction by only giving attention when mr.s Williams is engaging in positive talking

Question 2

What 3 questions must you answer to determine whether DRA is appropriate?

Answer 2

Do you want to increase the rate of desirable behavior ?
Is the behavior already occurring at least occasionally ?
Do you have access to a reinforcer that you can deliver after the occurrence of the desirable behavior ?

Question 3

Be able to list & briefly explain each step involved in using DRA.

Answer 3

1 Define the desirable behavior
2 Define the undesirable behaviors
3 Identify the reinforcer
4 Reinforce desirable behavior immediately and consistently
5 Eliminate reinforcer for undesirable behaviors
6 Use intermittent reinforcement to maintain target behavior
7 Program for generalizatio

Question 4

What are the 2 variations of DRA? Be able to explain/define each variation. This will be discussed in lecture.

Answer 4

DRI - differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (Alternative behavior that is physically incompatible with the problem behavior is reinforced )
Physically the two behaviors cant happened at the same time, one or other
Ex can’t reinforcer sitting and standing at the same time

DRC- differential reinforcement of communication (individual learns to make communication response that is functionally equivalent to the problem behavior)
Ex asking for attention instead of throwing tantrum

Question 5

Define DRO.

Answer 5

Procedure used to decrease frequency of undesirable behavior, only providing reinforcement when the problem behavior does not happen
Reinforcer is given when the problem behavior does not occur
Set an interval of time problem behavior can’t happen in the specific interval of time if does restart

Question 6

Be able to list & briefly explain each step involved in using DRO.

Answer 6

1. Identify reinforcer for problem behavior
2. Identify reinforcer to use in DRO procedure
3. Choose initial DRO time interval
4. Eliminate reinforcer for problem behavior and deliver the reinforcer for the absence of problem behavior
5. Reset the interval if the problem behavior occurs
6. Gradually increase the interval length

Question 7

Define DRL.

Answer 7

The reinforcer is given when the rate of problem behavior has to decrease to an appropriate level . ex student raising hand to ask for help too much during independent work Reduces how often problem behavior occurs

Question 8

8What are the 2 main ways in which DRL schedules can be programmed? Be able to explain each variation.

Answer 8

Full session – fewer than x responses occurs in the session then reinforcer is delivered at end of session

Spaced – responding DRL – must be a specified amount of time between responses used to pace behavior (reinforcer given at the end of session if behavior occurs )

Question 9

List & explain the 3 steps necessary to determine whether DRL is appropriate to use.

Answer 9

Is the goal to decrease the rate of PB , and not eliminate it entirely ?
What is the acceptable level of behavior ?
Should a full session DRL or spaced-responding DRL be used ?