Chap 13

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

behaviour whose purpose is to harm another

Question 2

Social psychology

Answer 2

the study of the causes and consequences of sociality

Question 3

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 3

a principle starting that animals aggress when their goals are frustrated
-ex. monkey wants banana, bird has banana, monkey use aggression to take banana

Question 4

common knowledge effect

Answer 4

the tendency for group discussions to focus on information that all members share

Question 5

group polarization

Answer 5

the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone

Question 6

groupthink

Answer 6

the tendency for groups to reach consensus in order to facilitate interpersonal harmony

Question 7

deindividuation

Answer 7

a phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individuals values

Question 8

social loafing

Answer 8

the tendency for people to expend less effort when in a group than alone

Question 9

Altruism

Answer 9

behaviour that benefits another without benefiting oneself

Question 10

reciprocal altruism

Answer 10

behaviour benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

Question 11

passionate love

Answer 11

an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction

Question 12

companionate love

Answer 12

an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partners

Question 13

comparison level

Answer 13

the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship

Question 14

equity

Answer 14

a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratio if 2 partners are roughly equal

Question 15

norm of reciprocity

Answer 15

people should benefit those who have benefited them

Question 16

Conformity

Answer 16

tendency to do what others do, simply because others are doing it

Question 17

Conformity is based on what basic human motives

Answer 17

Approval and Accuracy

Question 18

Obedience

Answer 18

doing something because authority figure asked us to

Question 19

Factors that increase obedience

Answer 19

-physical presence of authority figure

Question 20

Factors that reduce obedience

Answer 20

-emphasizing pain of other subject

Question 21

Attitude

Answer 21

enduring pos or neg evaluation of an object or person

Question 22

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 22

Contraction btwn 2 attitudes or attitude and behaviour

-unpleasant state when recognize of inconsistency of behaviours, attitudes, or beliefs

Question 23

Ways to reduce dissonance

Answer 23

• altering importance/ value of the conflicting belief
• emphasize a new belief that supports your behaviour
• changing belief completely

Question 24

Stereotyping

Answer 24

process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which other belongs

Question 25

Consequences of stereotypes

Answer 25

Prejudice
-evaluation based on group membership
Discrimination
-behaviour based on group membership

Question 26

Subtyping

Answer 26

all black good at basketball, this black is bad at it, = all blacks good at bball

Question 27

Ableism

Answer 27

form of discrimination that favours able-bodied people

Question 28

Stereotypes of someone with a physical disability

Answer 28

• an inspiration
• a victim
• a villain