CHAP 12 REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS

Question 1

define sexual reproduction

Answer 1

fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes to form a zygote and produce genetically dissimilar offsprings

Question 2

state function of testes [2]

Answer 2

-produce sperm
-produce testosterone

Question 3

state functions of scrotum [2]

Answer 3

-outside body cavity
-lower temperature compared to body essential for sperms to develop properly

Question 4

state function of sperm duct [2]

Answer 4

-loop over ureter
-sperm travels through sperm duct after releases from testes

Question 5

state function of prostate gland

Answer 5

-secretes a fluid which contains nutrients & enzymes which nourish the sperm & stimulate them to swim actively [ sperm + fluid -> semen ]

Question 6

state function of urethra [2]

Answer 6

-tube that passes through bladder & centre of the penis to outside of the body
- both semen & urine passes through urethra

Question 7

state function of penis [2]

Answer 7

-erectile organ ( able to rigid & upright )
-enters the vagina to deposit sperm during sexual intercourse

Question 8

state function of ovaries [2]

Answer 8

-produces egg/ova
-produces oestrogen & progesterone

Question 9

state function of oviducts [2]

Answer 9

• narrow muscular tube leading from ovary to uterus & has a funnel-like opening for easier entrance of egg to uterus

Question 10

state function of uterus [3]

Answer 10

• elastic muscular walls
  -smooth muscle tissues in the walls of uterus contract to push foetus out during birth
  -uterine lining where embryo is implanted

Question 11

state function of cervix [1]

Answer 11

-opening allows menstrual blood to flow out of vagina during menstruation

Question 12

define fertilisation

Answer 12

fusion of nuclei of male & female gametes to produce a zygote

Question 13

define fertilisation

Answer 13

fusion of nuclei of male & female gametes to produce a zygote

Question 14

ways of HIV transmissions

Answer 14

• hypothermic needles (ear-piercing , tattoo, acupuncture)
• sexual intercourse ( when sexual fluids come in contact with mucous membrane)
• through pregnancy ( infected mother -> virus -> foetus )

Question 15

ways to reduce HIV infections [3]

Answer 15

-abstain/ stick to one sexual partners
- avoid sharing tools such as toothbrush/ nail clipper as they might cause bleeding & contaminate
-use a condom if unsure -> reduce risk of transmissions