Chap. 03 Psych

Question 1

What is the scientific study of human sexuality, including sexual behaviours, interests and function?

Answer 1

Sexology

Question 2

What do we call a trained professional who specializes in human sexuality?

Answer 2

Sexologist

Question 3

How old is the history of human sexuality?

Answer 3

about 200 000+ years

Question 4

What is the Hindu Kama Sutra (400 BCE to 200 CE)?

Answer 4

It is an ancient text discussing love, desire and pleasure and it includes how-to manual for having sexual intercouse.

Question 5

What religious books contain rules, advice and stories about sex?

Answer 5

The Muslim Qur’an, Jewish Torah and Christian Bible

Question 6

A German psyhiatrist published ______________ _________________ which is considered to be the leading work that established sexology as a scientific discipline.

Answer 6

Psychopathia Sexualis

Question 7

Which English medical doctor and sexologist wrote the book Sexual Inversion (1897)?

Answer 7

Havelock Ellis

Question 8

Which book is the first objective study of homosexuality and described the sexual relations of homosexual males?

Answer 8

Sexual Inversion (1897)

Question 9

Who is the first scientist to link sex to healthy development?

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud

Question 10

What are the 5 psychosexual stages according to Freud?

Answer 10

oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital

Question 11

Which American biologist, the father of human sexuality, wanted to teach a course on Marriage but didnt have enough data on sexual behaviour so he conducted a survey and interviewed 18 thousand people about their sexual histories?

Answer 11

Alfred Kinsey

Question 12

What discoveries were found during Kinsey’s Research?

Answer 12

1.Women are as interested and experienced in sex as their male counterparts.
2.Both males and females masturbate without adverse health consequences.
3. Homosexual acts are common.
4. Kinsey scale = continuum.

Question 13

Which couple observed 10,000 sexual acts as a part of their research to measure the physiological responses during sexual behaviours?

Answer 13

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Question 14

Masters and Johnson divided the sexual response cycle into what four phases?

Answer 14

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 15

How are there possible biases in research?

Answer 15

• 90% of research comes from North America.
• Non-generalizable to individuals outside of that area.
• Need to be more inclusive of the Global South (incl. Asia, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East).
• Geographical and cultural bias!

Question 16

What are the issues in research: researchers?

Answer 16

• Too small of a sample size–the fewer number of participants in a study the less generalizable the research can be
• Convenience sample–comprising a sample of participants who are easy to include, such as volunteers at the Queer Resource Center where you work. It may be faster and easier to use this group of individuals, but the results will not reflect the public within that population you are seeking to understand.
• If interviewing someone in person, the researchers’ biases about someone based on gender, race, age, etc. may influence the way they ask a question even when sticking to a script. Changes in tone or asking questions in a slightly different way can influence results.
• Direct observations are incredibly beneficial, but lab settings are often not reflective of peoples’ natural environments.

Question 17

What would be the best practice?

Answer 17

Best practices: utilize random or probability sampling so that a greater range of people have the chance of being included in the research and, if conducting an experiment, make it as naturalistic as possible (Hyde & DeLamater, 2017).

Question 18

What are the issues of research: participants?

Answer 18

• Nonresponse to certain parts of a survey or interview making the response rate across the sample inconsistent
• Purposeful distortion–people may exaggerate or minimize the truth related to their sexual thoughts and behaviors
• Volunteer bias–people who are willing to participate in sex research may not share the qualities of the general public
• People are often not good at recalling details or recognizing their own thoughts and physiological responses; self-report is sometimes not reliable
• When being interviewed in person, the participants’ biases about the researcher in terms of gender, race, age, etc. can cause them to answer differently. These are considered extraneous factors (Hyde & DeLamater, 2017).

Question 19

What are ways to reduce issues?

Answer 19

• Test-retest reliability–interview participants twice to see if their responses are the same both times
• Interrater reliability–check for reliability by conducting the interview twice using different interviewers
• Utilize a computer system to read questions to participants and record their responses
• Conduct research using several different methods. For instance, use a self-report survey while participants watch some form of media while also using an eye-tracking device at the same time.