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Physiology Exam 4 > Channel-Linked Receptors > Flashcards

Channel-Linked Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

Nicotinic Ach receptor consists of?

A 
5 subunits:
2 alpha
1 beta
1 gamma
1 sigma
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2
Q

Each nicotinic Ach receptor subunit consists of?

A

4-pass transmembrane protein

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3
Q

Channel-linked receptors are open dependent on?

A

Ligand-binding

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4
Q

Channel-linked receptors are closed dependent on?

A

Time

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5
Q

Channel-linked receptors are synonymous to?

A

Receptor-gated ion channel

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6
Q

Binding of agonist has what effect on channel?

A

Opens

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7
Q

Difference between receptor-gated and voltage-gated ion channels?

A

Receptor-gated channels open due to agonist binding

Voltage-gated ion channels open based on change in membrane potential (voltage)

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8
Q

Channel-linked receptors mainly occur in what type of cells?

A

Excitable cells → muscle or nerve

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9
Q

Speed of signaling via receptor-gated ion channels

A

Fast (milliseconds)

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10
Q

Target tissue of Ach

A
  1. Skeletal muscle

2. Neurons

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11
Q

Ach receptor

A
  1. Muscular nAch

2. Neuronal nAch

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12
Q

Ach response

A

Open cation channel:

  1. Depolarization leading to muscle contraction
  2. Depolarization: excitation → signaling via action potentials
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13
Q

Glutamate and aspartate target tissue

A

Neurons

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14
Q

Glutamate and aspartate receptor

A

NMDA

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15
Q

Glutamate and aspartate response

A

Open cation channel: depolarization → excitation → signaling via action portentials

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16
Q

GABA target tissue

A

Neurons

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17
Q

GABA receptor

A

GABA(A)

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18
Q

GABA response

A

Open chloride channel → hyperpolarization → inhibition of signaling

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19
Q

Glycine target tissue

A

Neurons

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20
Q

Glycine receptor

A

Glycine

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21
Q

Glycine response

A

Open chloride channel → hyperpolarization → inhibition of signaling

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22
Q

When membrane potential reaches threshold, signaling activates what 2 channels?

A
  1. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel

2. Voltage-gated Na+ channel

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23
Q

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel causes?

A
  1. Contraction
    OR
  2. Release of vesicles containing another signaling molecule
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24
Q

Voltage-gated Na+ channel causes?

A
  1. Contraction
    OR
  2. Propagation of info as action potentials
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25
Q

Z = ?

A

Valence of ion

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26
Q

E(K) = ?

A

-90 mV

27
Q

Nernst equation

A

E = -(60/z)*log(conc. inside / conc. outside)

28
Q

Z of K+

A

Z = +1

29
Q

Z of Na+

A

Z = +1

30
Q

E(Na) = ?

A

+60 mV

31
Q

Z of Cl-

A

Z = -1

32
Q

E(Cl) = ?

A

-90 mV

33
Q

Extracellular Ca2+ concentration

A

High → important Ca2+ source

34
Q

Ca2+ concentration in cytosol under resting conditions

A

Low → can rise 10-100x during stimulation

35
Q

Most important Ca2+ stores

A

ER (and SR)

36
Q

Additional Ca2+ store

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

How does Ca2+ influx from the extracellular comparment?

A
  1. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
  2. Receptor-gated Ca2+ channels
  3. Receptor-activated Ca2+ channel
38
Q

Receptor-activated Ca2+ channel is activated by?

A

Receptor-mediated phosphorylation

39
Q

Ca2+ influx from intracellular Ca2+ stores via which receptors?

A
  1. IP3 channel

2. Ryanodine receptor

40
Q

IP3 channel aka?

A

IP3 gated Ca2+ channel

41
Q

Ryanodine receptor aka?

A

Ryanodine gated Ca2+ channel

42
Q

How does IP3 channel work?

A

IP3 binds to receptor → opens channel → Ca2+ released from store

43
Q

How does ryanodine channel work?

A

Ca2+ binds to receptor → opens channel → releases Ca2+ from store

44
Q

2 mechanisms to decrease cytosolic Ca2+

A
  1. Pumped out of cell

2. Pumped into intracellular Ca2+ stores

45
Q

2 ways Ca2+ pumped out of cell?

A
  1. Ca2+-ATPase in plasma membrane

2. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

46
Q

Ca2+-ATPase powered by?

A

ATP

47
Q

Na+/Ca2+ exchanger powered by?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

48
Q

2 ways Ca2+ pumped into intracellular stores?

A
  1. Ca2+-ATPase in ER or SR

2. Ca2+/H+ exchanged in inner mitochondrial membrane

49
Q

Ca2+/H+ exchanger powered by?

A

H+ gradient

50
Q

Small depolarization is conducted from?

A

Neighboring cell via gap junctions

51
Q

Depolarization from neighboring cell activates?

A

Fast voltage-gated Na+ channels

52
Q

Opening of Na+ channels causes?

A

Large depolarization

53
Q

Large depolarization caused by opening of Na+ channel activates?

A

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel

54
Q

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels do what?

A
  1. Maintain depolarization during plateau phase of action potential
  2. Allow small Ca2+ inflow (ECM → cytosol)
55
Q

Ca2+ entering cell activates?

A

Ryanodine-receptor

56
Q

Activation of ryanodine-receptor causes?

A

Large amount of Ca2+ to be released from SR into cytosol

57
Q

What is responsible for the bulk of cytosolic Ca2+ increase?

A

Ryanodine-receptor

58
Q

What mediates contraction?

A

Increase in cytosolic Ca2+

59
Q

Large depolarization activates what channels with a delay?

A

K+

60
Q

Delayed K+ channels do what?

A

Mediate repolarization of action potential

61
Q

How is Ca2+ removed from the cytosol into the SR?

A

Ca2+ ATPase

62
Q

How is Ca2+ removed from the cytosol into the extracellular compartment?

A

Na+/Ca2+ exchanger powered by Na+/K+ ATPase

63
Q

Depolarization

A

More positive from -70 mV

64
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

More negative from -70 mV

Physiology Exam 4 (10 decks)

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