Changing UK Landscapes

Question 1

What areas are the up land areas?

Answer 1

NORTH WESTERN:
Northern Scotland, Lake district, North wales

Question 2

What are the characteristics of upland areas?

Answer 2

Impermeable, resistant igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks

Question 3

What types of igneous rocks make up upland areas?

Answer 3

Basalt and granite

Question 4

What types of metamorphic rocks make up upland areas?

Answer 4

Schist and slates

Question 5

What were the roles of tectonics in the forming of upland areas?

Answer 5

•520 million years ago 2 plates converged to form upland landscapes
•rocks formed from magma/lava released
•plate movements created volcanoes
•volcanoes now extinct cuz not close to plate boundaries

Question 6

How was giants causeway created?

Answer 6

50-60 million years ago diverging plates caused Atlantic ocean to open up and lava yo rise forming giants causeway

Question 7

What does glacial erosion form? (UPLAND)

Answer 7

U shaped valleys

Question 8

How are scree slopes formed? (UPLAND)

Answer 8

•Big dome of magma formed underground 290million yrs ago
•big magma cooled making cracks
•cracks exploited by freeze thaw causing break down of rocks making scree slopes

Question 9

Why do streams form in upland areas?

Answer 9

High precipitation on impermeable rock means high amount of surface water which causes streams to form. Which wears away the rock.

Question 10

How can you tell rivers were formed by glaciers?

Answer 10

Floor too wide to have been formed by normal river.

Question 11

What areas are low land areas?

Answer 11

SOUTH EASTERN
E.g. North and South downs

Question 12

What are the characteristics of lowland areas?

Answer 12

Sedimentary rock so permeable and less resistant softer rock

Question 13

What types of sedimentary rocks are in low land areas?

Answer 13

Sandstone and chalk

Question 14

What was the role of tectonics in the formation of low land areas?

Answer 14

•30 million yrs tectonic movement caused sea bed to be folded and deformed
•Creating chalk dome
•Over many yrs water eroded chalk forming escarpments

Question 15

What are escarpments?

Answer 15

Long steep slopes

Question 16

What are rivers like in low land areas?

Answer 16

Ricers meander and erode wide valleys between low hills. They also transport silt from the river channel

Question 17

River deposition lowland areas?

Answer 17

Prolonged heavy rain causes flooding. Water overflows from river channel depositing silt to form wide, flat flood lands.

Question 18

Impact of agriculture on South Downs?

Answer 18

•Straight drainage ditches built •hedgerows for wildlife corridorss
•chemical use reduced od chalk grasslands

Question 19

Impact of humans on forestry in South Downs?

Answer 19

•Hazel and chestnut under threat due to bad management
•Removal leading to decrease in biodiversity and water interception

Question 20

Impact of settlements on South Downs?

Answer 20

Degration of environment and less permeable surfaces increasing flooding