Changing populations Flashcards
What percentage of people live within 1km of the sea?
70%
What are LIC’s and what is the range of their income?
Low income countries:
$1,025 and less
What are MIC’s and what is the range of their income?
Middle income countries
$1,026 - $12,475
What are HIC’s and what is the range of their income?
High income countries, anything above $12,476
What is an example of a HIC
USA and the UK
What are NIC’s?
Newly industrialised countries
What an example of an NIC?
M.I.N.T: Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
What is GNP
Gross national product: all the economic profits of a country added up
What three factors influence population change?
Birth rate, Migration, Death rate
What is natural increase?
(Crude birth rate - crude death rate) / total population
What is natural increase?
When the number of births exceed the number of deaths.
What is natural decrease?
When the number of deaths exceeds the number of births
What is double time and what is the formula for it?
How long it takes for a population to double. 70/ natural increase
What are population projections?
Predictions on population futures based on trends
What is total fertility rate?
The average number of births per thousand women in child bearing age
What 7 factors influence fertility rate?
1) The status (standard of living)
2) Level of education
3) Location of residence (opportunities, topography, Hazards etc)
4) Religion (no contraception etc.)
5) Health of a mother
6) Economic prosperity (ability to provide OR women who work more have less time)
7) The need/ no need for children: agricultural societies need heirs for labour
How does the health of a mother effect fertility rate?
Healthy mothers have successful pregnancies
- unhealthy mothers have a greater infant mortality rate and have more tries (increases fertility rate)
What is life expectancy
The number of years people are expected to live
What is the life expectancy of Haiti and Afghanistan?
Below 64
Why do sub-Saharan countries have low lie expectancy?
poverty, war, AIDS, limited medical support/technology
Why do women’s life expectancies exceed those of men?
Women retire earlier
Men do more physical labour
War
Men drink & smoke more excessively
What is population momentum, and why does it occur?
When a population has tendency to grow even though its death rate exceeds birth rate.
- new generation hasn’t met its child bearing age yet
- migration
Why and when did Singapores total fertility rate drastically decrease?
Starting 1960 because women’s status improved, they were able to work etc.
What is the dependency ratio and what is the formula?
It measures the working population and dependent population
(Economically dependent / economically independent ) x 100
What do triangle graphs show and why are they so helpful?
They show data that can be divided into three parts (like age groups: child, adult, elderly).
They are helpful because:
- make distinctions very visible
- can graph a lot of data
- you can see that certain variables are dominant