Changing Places - the nature and importance of places Flashcards
what is place
somewhere with meaning
what is placenessness
somewhere that could be anywhere
what is space
geographical location with no meaning
what are John Agnew three fundamental aspects of place
location
locale
sense of place
what is location
where a place is on the map, latitude longitude coordinates
what is locale
each place made up of a series of locals or settings where everyday life activities take place these settings affect social interaction and help to forge values, attitudes and behaviors
what is sense of place
subjective and emotional attachment to a place, its meaning
what is Glastonburys location
south west England
Sommerset
23 miles south of Bristol
what is Glastonbury locale
home to a number of visitor attraction including Glastonbury Abbey and Glastonbury Ton
what is glastonbury sense of place
place of spiritual importance for people interested in paganism
religious connections or the king Arthur affiliation
the music festival
what does the importance of a place depend on
attachment and identity
what is localism
an affection for or an emotional ownership of a particular place
not normally seen in a political sense it
seen through nimbyism
what is regionalism
consciousness of and a loyalty to a nation or distinct region with a population that shares similarities
what is nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a nation which creates a sense of national consciousness
patriotism could be considered aa an example as a sense of place
what is belongin
context of place
to belong means to be part if the community
key factor that makes a place sustainable and successful
regeneration schemes focus on social environment as much as built environment and health and wellbeing viewed to be much better where there is a vibrant harmonious and inclusive community
how is West Hollywood associated with place identity
city in Los Angeles
population of 35,000
identity linked to ay men
founded in 1984 - oasis for gays where they were better protected from gaybashing
nickname was boystown
helped shaped identity for ay people themselves
used symbol of gay identity during their campaign to incorporate west Hollywood (becoming a city)
Benjamin Forest believed that this location having focus of gay identity meant community able to construct an identity based on more than just sexual acts
Forest believes that having the attachment meant that gay identity could be seen as kind of an ethnicity
place acted to normalise and neutralise the identity of gay people
what did Pico Iyer think about the concept of where home is
pieces of many places and putting them together
carried around inside you
can choose and create - not assigned to you
‘age of movement’ - more people have more wealth meaning they can travel more if they choose to
not widely applicable application - not everyone has the wealth to be moving and choosing where there home is, people may travel due to negative reasons e.g. conflict and wars - dont feel at home because of negative memories
what is Yi-Fu Tuan alternative view of place
to the young child the parent is his primary place
place is a space we know and endow with value
people view homeland as a place of nourishment safety and support
love of ones homeland is universal
how did brexit change peoples feeling about the UK
identity crisis
loss of identity
Erasmus program
after brexit there was a 13% decrease of people identifying themselves nationally - ethnicity religion and community increased
what is an insider perspective of a place
someone who feels like they belong
what is an outsider perspective of a place
someone who doesnt feel a sense of belonging in a place
what is place attachement
the relationship or emotional bond developed between people and place
Yi-Fu Tuan coined the term topophilia to describe the love that people feel for a particular place
what is genius loci
used to describe the distinctive spirit of a place
what can place attachment be based on
person - cultural/group, individual
process - affect, cognition, behavior
place - social, physical
how can place attachment be based on cultural/group
religious, historical
may be religiously based, places like mecca or Jerusalem or on a smaller scale e.g. churches or shrines are central to many religions and their meaning are central to many religions and their sacred meanings are shared amongst worshippers
symbolic meanings of a place are shared amongst group members e.g. groups may become attached to areas wherein they may practice and thus perceive their culture, culture links members to place through shared historical experiences, values and symbols
how can place attachment be based on individuals
experiences, relisations, milestones
places often gain meaning because of personal experiences, life milestones and realisations
often the experience in that place rater than the place itself that creates attachment
how can place attachment be based on affect
happiness, love, pride
person place bonding requires and emotional connection to a particular place
attachment is normally defines in positive terms: the desire to maintain closeness to a place is an attempt to experience the positive emotions a place may evoke
how can place attachment be based on cognition
memory, knowledge, schemes, meaning
the memories, beliefs, meaning and knowledge that individuals associate with place make them personally important and therefore help form place attachment
how can place attachment be based on behaviour
proximity-maintaining, reconstruction of place
attachment is expressed through actions , typically maintaining close proximity to a specific place or reinventing or their current environment to look like home or a place the are specifically attached to
how can place attachment be based on social
social arena, social symbol
attachment is due to social relationships and so the attachment is redirected to others who live in the place rater than the place itself, it can be linked to sense of community
how can place attachment be based on physical
natural, built]a person may become attached to the physical featured of a place, such as the built environment, or the meaning that these features represent
how may people be spatially excluded from a place
hostile architecture
walls e.g. berlin wall
fast track/VIP
how may people be socially excluded from a place
cant speak language so cant interact with people
being far from family
ethnic minorities e.g. rural areas
social normals which people arent aware of
class e.g. working, upper, middle
clothes e.g. uniform
how may people feel politically excluded from a place
place very politically oriented in one wat people who dont agree may feel judged or not accepted
conflict e.g. afghanistan
how may people feel economically excluded from a place
not being able to afford things other can e.g. clothes
gender pay gap
tax branches/wealth e.g. kensington vs tower hamlets
who might excluded groups include
ethnic minorities, immigrants, local nationals (people born and brought up in a place but feel separate from it)
what are characteristics of insiders
born in x or their parents were born there
permanent residents, holds a passport in country, can work vote claim benifits like free housing and healthcare
fluent in local language
safe, secure, happy feels at home or in place
what are the characteristics of outsiders
not born in x, they are an immigrant and/or their parents and grandparents were immigrants
temporary visitor, holds foreign passport and or limited visa to stay, may not be able to work vote and claim benifits may be travelling for business/in search of work pleasure safety
frequantly makes faux pas or misunderstands social interactions
homesick, alienated in exile feels out of place
what are shared places
street or place designed to improve pedestrian movement and comfort by reducing the dominance of motor vehicles and enabling all users to share the space rather than follow the clearly defined rules implied by more conventional designs
what are the pros of shared spaces
reduced wait times for pedestrians
more pedestrians as easier to walk
pedestrians more equality/power
aesthetically pleasing
quicker/easier to build
weelchair users - lack of curbs
what are the cons of shared spaces
safety - injuries
takes more time for cars
congestion - people may not get out of the way
need more spatial awareness
take time for people to adapt
harder for emergency services to get past
visually impaired - cant tell difference between road and pavement, no road to cross at
what is the character of a place
the physical and human feature that help to distinguish if from another place
what are endogenous factors
originate internally
what are examples of endogenous factors
topography
land use
socio economic characteristics
location
built environment
demographic characteristics
infrastructure
other physical features - floodplain, rover valley, geology
what are exogenous factors
factors that originate externally and include, link to or influences from other places
movement of people
what are example of exogenous factors
movement of
- people - migrants or workers come from outside a place to live or work
- resources - raw materials, transport infrastructure
- money and investment - investment from a business based outside the area
- ideas - urban planners, architects, businesses and artists may brin ideas to shape and change a place
what are exogenous factors that influenced Wendover
Influencing insiders
Many local people were annoyed by the opening of Costa Coffee in Wendover (2012/2013)
Limited parking for residents due to transient traffic visiting Costa
Rubbish is messy, collection may result in congestion
People spending money on large chain companies rather than small businesses in Wendover
Destroying the village like character of Wendover
Fears Costa Coffee will attract more chain stores
Influencing flows of people
The surrounding rural environment of Wendover has allowed it to develop as a town with more of a village/rural feel, and because it is accessible, it has become somewhat of a commuter village (1h train to London, 1.5h drive), particularly for families seeking an escape from larger towns/cities
what is a near place
somewhere that an individual/society perceives as being physical close either by being accessible or spatial close. This could also be from a sense of attachment
what is a far place
somewhere that an individual/society perceives as being physically distant, generally inaccessible
beyond spatial distance this can be shaped by networks of infrastructure or access to them, this could be from a lack of attachment
what is an experienced place
somewhere we have a connection to, a sense of place has been developed
what is a media place
somewhere we have opinions based on different media portals e.g. films or books
what is genius loci
a term used by planner to describe the key characteristics of a place, with which any new developments must concur
