Changing Places - Revision

Question 1

What are exogenous factors?

Answer 1

External influences on a places identity. Caused by a place’s relationship with other places.

Question 2

What are endogenous factors?

Answer 2

The local, internal characteristics which create a place’s identity.

Question 3

Examples of exogenous factors…

Answer 3

• People
• Money
• Resources and ideas

Question 4

Examples of endogenous factors…

Answer 4

• Location
• Topography
• Demographic

Question 5

How do exogenous factors affect the character of a place?

Answer 5

They affect the character of a place by increasing the cultural diversity of an area, for example, if migrants workers come from outside a place to live or work.

Question 6

How to endogenous factors affect the character of a place?

Answer 6

The relief of land in an area can impact its character as a low relief, flat land is more likely to be more built up and urbanised compared to a location with fluctuating land relief that would be difficult to build on.

Question 7

What is rebranding?

Answer 7

Rebranding is the process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location.

Question 8

How can rebranding encourage tourism?

Answer 8

By promoting endogenous and exogenous characteristics of a place to overcome negative connotations. This commonly takes place in the form of social media campaigns.

e.g. Stratford for the Olympics

Question 9

What influences place meaning?

Answer 9

Both endogenous and exogenous factors influence place meaning. Flows of people and capital can influence place meaning. Technology and industry can also influence place meaning.

Question 10

How does place meaning affect a place’s identity?

Answer 10

Our attachment to a place and the sense of meaning that we attribute to it may become a significant part of our identity.

Question 11

How do past and present socio-economic characteristics affect place meaning?

Answer 11

• Brick Lane is currently identified as Banglatown due to the high proportion of Bangladeshi immigrants, however in the past it has been known as a tailoring centre due to immigration of Huguenots.
• Gentrification in Brick Lane has altered place meaning and identity to different people.

Question 12

‘Place meaning and identity are simply a reflection of past and present socio-economic characteristics and no attempt by external agencies at rebranding can change this.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? [20]

Answer 12

Intro:
- Brick Lane
- Rebranding - London Olympics 2012

1) Migration:
- Huguenot
- Jewish
- Bengali - Banglatown

2) Gentrification:
- Brick Lane -> altered place meaning and identity
- Anti-gentrification protests - Cereal Killer Cafe
- Raising rent prices
- Social housing companies are demolishing flats and replacing them with more upmarket properties to sell for profit.

3) Rebranding:
- Stratford for the Olympic Games 2012
- Change place meaning and identity for locals, national and international scale.