Changing Places - Nature & Importance Flashcards
What are the three aspects of place?
Location, Locale, Sense of Place
What is locale?
This is the place where something happens or is set, or that has particular events associated with it.
What is a location?
Where a place is, for example the co-ordinates on a map.
What is meaning?
Meaning relates to indiviual or collective perceptions of place.
What is media?
Means of communication including television, film, photography, art, newspapers, books, songs etc. These reach or influence people widely.
What is a place?
Defined as a location with meaning. Places can be meaningful to individuals in ways that are personal or subjective. Places can be meaningful at a social or cultural level and these meanings may be shared by different groups of people.
What is placemaking?
The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life.
What is sense of place?
This refers to the subjective and emotonal attachment people have to a place. People develop a ‘sense of place’ through experience and knowledge of a particular area.
What does subjective mean?
Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions.
What are the three main approaches into which the study of place is divided?
1) A descriptive approach.
2) A social constructionist approach.
3) A phenomenological approach.
What is a descriptive approach to the study of place?
This is the idea that the world is a set of places and each place can be studied and is distinct.
What is a social constructionist approach to the study of place?
This approach sees place as a product of a particular set of social processes occuring at a particular time.
What is a phenomenological approach to the study of place?
This approach is not interested in the unique characteristics of a place or why it was constructed. Instead it is interested in how an individual perosn experiences place, recognising a highly personal relationship between place and person.
What is topophilia and who developed the term?
Yi-Fu Tuan. Topophilia concerns the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it.
What factors influence peoples lived experience of a place?
1) Identity.
2) Belonging.
3) Well-being.
What are the different scales of indentity?
1) Localism: An affection for or emotional ownership of a particular place.
2) Regionalism: Consciousness of and loyalty to, a distinct region with a population that shres similarities.
3) Nationalism: Loyalty and devotion to a nation, which creates a sense of national consciousness. e.g patriotism
How can religion affect to a sense of place?
At a local level, churches, mosques and synagogues are places where people from the same religious identity come together to worship. There may also be larger sacred places such as Bethlehem or Mecca where people g on pilgrimages.
How can protests affect to a sense of place?
The power of place in political protest is a feature of the early 21st century in reaction to unpopular political regimes and problems accociated with capitalism, racial inequality and climate change. E.g. Extinction Rebellion
Who wrote about a ‘global sense of place’?
Doreen Massey
What did Massey state about the ‘sense of place’?
Massey wrote about a global sense of place, in which she questioned the idea that places are static. She argued instead that places are dynamic, they have multiple identities and they do not have to have boundaries. Massey argued that the character of a place can only be seen and understood by linking that place to places beyond. She concluded, ‘What we need, it seems to me, is a global sense of the local, a global sense of place.’
What is a ‘clone town’?
Settlements where the high street is dominated by chain stores.
Define placelessness
Places are becoming more generic and standardised e.g. an aiport or shopping mall
Define glocalisation
When multinational companies such as TNCs have to adapt to the local marketplace of different countries.
What is an ‘insider v outsider’ perpective?
People, activities and events can be seen ‘in place’ or ‘out of place’, depending on how a place or situation makes different people feel.
What is a ‘near’ and ‘far’ place?
1) They could refer to the geographical distance between places.
2) They could describe the emotional connection with a particular place and how comfortable a person feels within that place. Some places feel more familiar than others partly due to personal experience, but also because of frequent representational exposure.
What is an ‘experienced’ or ‘media’ place?
Experienced places are those that a person has spent time in, whereas media places are those that the person has only read about or seen on film. The ‘reality’ of a place can be far different to that put across by the media and this is most clearly seen through the portrayal of rural places.
What is the media portrayal of rural living?
Stereotypical images of rural living permeate but the idyllic image of the countryside put forward by the media and advertising companies hides lots of problems including unemployment, scarce availability of affordable housing, reduction in public transport services and rural homelessness.
What is the media portrayal of city living?
Cities are often stereotyped in a negative way through deprivation, homelessness, crime, vandalism and pollution.
Define diaspora
A group of people with similar heritage or place of origin who have settled elsewhere in the world.
What are endogenous factors?
In the context of place, this refers to the characteristics of the place itself or factors which have originated internally. This would include aspects such as location, physical, geography, land use and social and economic characteristics such as population size and employment rates.
What are exogenous factors?
This refers to the relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this. The demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment.
Define infrastructure
Infrastructure relates to the services considered essential to enable or enhance living conditions. These primarily consist of transport, communications and services such as water supply, sewers and electrical grids.
How may people identify with a place on national level?
1) A common language.
2) A national anthem.
3) A flag.
4) Cultural and sporting events.
What are the different categories of place?
1) Near places and far places.
2) Experienced places and media places
What are some examples of exogenous factors that affect the character of places?
1) The impact of international migration.
2) The increasing mobility of people increases the links between places.
3) Mining, steel and shipbuilding towns having to adapt to challenges posed by globalisation.
4) Deindustrialisation, unemployment
What are some examples of endogenous factors that affect the character of places?
1) Physical geography such as relief and rock type.
2) Demographic factors such as population size and structure.
3) Location whether urban or rural.
4) The built environment such as land use and age.
5) Cultural factors such as heritage and religion.
6) Socio-economic factors such as employment opportunities.
