Changing Places PMT Flashcards
Location
Is the physical point of where a place is. A place is a location which has different meanings to various people.
Place
is a location which has different meanings to various people.
Locales
are locations in a place that are associated with everyday activities . E.g. school, sports ground or theatre.
A locale structures social interactions and people are likely to show behavioural traits
specific in a locale.
What is sense of place subject to?
Sense of place is the subjective emotional attachment to a place which gives it meaning.
A sense of place to you might be, ‘I have a strong attachment to my house, it is where I grew up’. The feeling towards your house, street or neighbourhood, is the sense of place.
Placelessness
suggests that a place is is not unique.
eg, most UK high streets have a Costa Coffee, Greggs, Ladbrokes and a Tesco.
Clone town
are dominated by chain shops no longer making the area unique
What did Yi-Fu Tuan suggest ?
That attachment to a place grows stronger over time.
As you have more experiences in a place, you are more likely to be attached with that place.
Topophilia
concerns the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it.
Topophobia
is the dislike of a place . It may be possible to experience topophobia and still have a strong
attachment with a place, but the attachment will be negative.
What are the 4 types of place?
Near Places
Far places
Experienced Places
Media places
What is Near places?
Those which are close to us. Near places are subjective.
The Australian outback may consider a place that is 100km away to be near,
In the UK a place that is 100km away may take several hours to travel to and may be considered as a far place.
What is Far place?
Those that are distant.
What is experienced places?
Places that we have actually visited.
Some people would argue that you have to visit a place to create an emotional attachment to it. Others would suggest that a desire to visit a place or dislike towards it because of what you have seen through the media, is enough to create an emotional attachment.
What is media places?
Places we have not visited, but may have learned about through media
representations.
Most geographers would argue you have a more intense experience by visiting a place, which leads to a stronger attachment to it, due to the stimulation of all your senses. Media sources can change our sense of place subconsciously.
What is Genius Loci?
Genius loci is the spirit of a place.
It suggests that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere, based on everything for the location is made up of, now and in the past
What is Character place?
Place character relates to the specific qualities, attributes or features of a location that make it unique.
What affects Character place?
endogenous and exogenous factors:
Endogenous Factors:
Those which originate from within the place and are local:
What are the Endogenous Factors?
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-Land use
-Topography
-Physical Geography
-Infrasture
-Demographic characteristics- eg. Age, gender, ethnicity o f population
-Built Environment
Economic Characteristics
Exogenous Factors:
Those which originate from outside a place and provide linkages and relationships with and to other places.
Exogenous factors are commonly referred to as flows of what?
- People
- Money and investment
- Resources
- Ideas
Exogenous factors and flow of people:
People
- Impact of tourists, workers, migrants, refugees, visitors and changing quantities of
people on an area over time
○ Germany has around 1.4 million asylum seekers , who integrate into their society,
though also creating political and social disputes. Inevitably this will impact the
character of Germany
Exogenous factors and flow of Money and Investment:
Money and Investment -
Trade deals, tax, major events (e.g. sports competition), new
businesses or movement of business from an area
○ Investment into the London borough of Stratford before, during and after it hosted
the Olympics has had a long-lasting impact on its place character. Smaller sporting
events may have a short-term impact
Exogenous factors and flow of resources:
Availability of raw materials, products, food, water and energy
○ Due to good transportation networks, the UK is food secure. If the crops fail one
year more food can be imported from other countries to make up for the deficit. In
less developed countries this is unlikely to be possible.
Exogenous factors and flow of ideas:
- Entrepreneurs may move to an area bringing new businesses with them. Ideas
could be information about an area from another country. Designers drive creative
processes within an area.
○ Detroit has been impacted by the ideas of urban planners which have helped
develop the city, leading to positive reviews by Lonely Planet. This has driven the
tourist industry of Detroit, impacting on its character
what will happen over time to endogenous factors?
Over time, endogenous factors will be shaped by the changing flows of exogenous factors.
What are insiders?
Insiders are those people who feel at home within 🏡
What are the characteristics of an insider?
Born in 🏡
● They hold citizenship for 🏡
● Fluent in local language and conform with idioms
● Conforms with social norms and behavioral traits common in 🏡
● Most importantly does that person feel secure, safe, welcomed, happy in 🏡?
What is an outsider?
Outsiders are the opposite to insiders and may not be born in 🏡.
What are the characteristics of an outsider?
It can be the case that people who do not belong to the main ethnic group of a community feel like outsiders. For example, an immigrant family could have moved into a neighbourhood which is predominantly white British. Lots of factors can add to people feeling like outsiders:
● They may not initially feel accustomed to the culture, social norms and dialect of the
majority of the community.
● The shops and restaurants along the high street may not be familiar to them; they may
find it hard to find particular foods which they had from home, for example.
● The architecture of the buildings may feel unfamiliar to them
what is census data?
Census data can be useful for providing insight into both the past and present charcher of a place, especially demographic and economic characteristics
What are the advantages of census data?
Data is reliable and factual
What are the disadvantages of census data?
Quantitative data may ignore important opinions eg. data may show an area as poor and derelict, but this does not reflect residents ‘opinions of their place.
What is art and media as a source of information?
Artistic representations are good sources of peoples opinions on place.
Songs, art work, films, TV and literature present a place culture, as well as people lived experiences in places.
For example, The Romantic Poets presented the Lake District positively in their work
What are the advantages of art and media?
it is a major contributor to an area’s character, so it is important to recognise the influence it has on sense of place.
What are the disadvantages of art and media?
No quantitative meaning it is hard to compare/measure.
What is advertising as a source of information?
Tourism and business sectors of a place often advertise an area in order to attract people to it/ invest in it. This form of media is useful for gathering information about a place, such as the different attractions and history.
What are the advantages of advertising?
advertising often presents multiple dimensions of a place, meaning a lot of information is complied into one socure.
A place’s attractions add to their character, so they are important to consider.
What are the disadvantages of advertising?
It may show a one-sides, biased view, ignoring the negatives of an area.
Some areas may not be tourist or business based, meaning there is little advertising needed.
What are maps and Photos as a source of information?
Maps and photos present a factual and objective view of a place. They are also useful to compare past and present places, as there are many archived imaged and photos of places
What are the advantages of maps and photos?
The ability to compare a place past is important as you should consider how a place has developed and changed over time.
Maps and photos are not objective.
Show a snapshot
What are the disadvantages of maps and photos?
Photos are still have a subjective view (eg only showing good/bad places)
What questions do you need to think about when trying to see if a source is reliable?
Does the source give a positive or negative portrayal of a place? Is the source balanced?
● What is the purpose of the source? Who was the source produced by? Provenance can be
used to describe the origin of the source
● Do other sources describing a place offer a different perspective, or support the source?
● Does the source link to contemporary issues or geographical concepts?
● What does the source not show?
What is Place meaning refer to?
Refers to the sense of place and character that different people give to a place.
What is place?
Itis how a place is represented by tourist organisations, governments, corporate bodies and community groups.
These groups drive changes to places and are known as forces of change:
What are the forces of chanhe?
● Community Groups ● Governments ● Councils ● Individuals ● ● TNC’s ● National Organisations ● International Organisations ● Global Organisations
What is place meaning shaped by?
Place meaning is shaped by the past and present connections of a place on a variety of scales from global to local.
What is rebranding?
it is the process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a
location.
What does rebanding encourge?
This could be to encourage tourism by promoting the endogenous or exogenous
characteristics of a place, to overcome negative connotations.
How can communities change place representation?
Communities can change place representation and this commonly takes place in the form of social media campaigns.
What does rebranding involve?
●Advertising campaigns
●Infrastructure and built environment improvements
●Positive media coverage
●Tourist board management
How do you achieve rebranding?
Community groups
Councils
Governments
Individuals
How do you achieve rebaraning though Community groups?
may levy media groups to positively or negatively portray a place
How do you achieve rebaraning though Councils?
may invest in tourism boards to portray a positive image of a location
How do you achieve rebaraning though Governments?
may set out strategies such as improving infrastructure
How do you achieve rebaraning though individuals?
may start social media campaigns which suggest a different image of a place
What forms does place representation take?
Websites Posters Songs Videos Photographs News articles
What other data can represent a place?
Census data
Graphs or measures such as Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)
What is Gentrification?
is the process of renovation and improvement of housing to suit a middle class audience, usually leading to higher house prices
What can Gentrition cause?
Can cause insiders to feel like
outsiders over time; entire districts can change and adapt to suit a different audience, meaning
insiders may feel like they do not fit in with the culture or the class
Give an example of Gentrification and the effects it has on locals?
In Berlin, for example,
(pictured above) many areas are becoming renovated to fit the new trendy and ‘hipster’ feel of the
city, leaving old residents not only isolated, but unable to keep up with higher rents.
How does large scale regeneration projecrs led to the feeling of being an outsider?
This leads to changes in place character.
The demolition and reconstruction of buildings,
investments into new facilities, and a subsequent better quality of life can alter the
demographic of an area.
This can potentially cause the original population to feel like outsiders.
Give an example of a major regeneration project?
Stratford for the 2012 Olympic games .
How did Stratford change after being regenerated?
The area, now called East Village, was previously a deindustrialised area, contaminated with
waste and full of derelict industrial buildings.
In some of the areas, such as Clays Lane andWaterden Crescent, the population was majorly comprised of Irish travellers.
The area is now a
mixture of low cost and private housing, and one of the traveller camp sites was regenerated into a
broadcasting booth.
