Changing places hints Flashcards
How has the IMF impacted on place?
oans for fiscal crisis - can reduce economic downturn BUT conditions attached to loans may exacerbate economic problems and increase disparity (cuts to public spending (impacts on healthcare/civil service etc.); reduce state intervention in the economy (privatisation of businesses; cash crops) etc.)
How has the World Bank impacted on place?
development loans can reduce poverty e.g. post-earthquake reconstruction in Haiti
How has the World Food programme impacted on place?
provides emergency aid food assistance > prevents deaths from famine and starvation
Outline the positives of the IMF on place?
prevents economic crisis (interdependence); loans may prevent economic instability/poverty
Outline the negatives of the IMF on place?
conditions attached to loans -
e.g. cut government expenditure: remove food subsidies; reduce civil service workforce; reduction in spending on social care.
E.g. Jamaica adjusted in the 1980s drop in government spending in the social sector from 641 million Jamaican dollars (1979-80) to 372 by mid 1980s.
As a result levels of infant malnutrition increased, education levels dropped and supply of new housing standstill
How did the growth of the automotive industry impact Detroit?
Rapid population growth - peak 1.8 million in the 1950s
Increasing racial diversity > race riots 1943
Predominantly young independent population > migration for work
Economic boost to the city > public investment
How did the decline of the automotive Oinsdusty impact on Detroit?
Demographics - ‘White flight rapid population decrease
Economics - increase in unemployment, decrease in tax income and public spending (40% of streetlights)
Social inequality - concentrated in poverty in city centre as middle classes out-migrate
- decline in built environment/ increase in crime
- falling life expect
- fall in public spending
How has globalisation impacted on the high street of UK towns and cities?
Migration as a result of greater interdependence
Economic change as a result of TnCs moving into the high street casing homogenisation of town centres and loss of independent retailers
Who was involved in the four stages of migration into Brick Lane? Which are resultant of globalisation vs national changes?
17th Century: French Huguenots (weaving and tailoring)
19th-20th century: Irish and Jewish Migrants
20th-21st century: Bangladesh
21st century: Gentrification
Outline the impacts of globalisation on Brick Lane.
Changes the lived experience and built environment following each stage of migrants
How have national changes impacted on UK towns and cities? Consider gentrification and government.
Government:
Reduced local identity and social cohesion (creation of gated neighbourhoods may increase isolation/conflict/ lower income migrants may be forced to leave)
Property prices rise > displacement of lower-income residents> small businesses leave >
Reduced sense of place AND can create conflict between old and new residents
gentrification in brick lane has led to the former Bangladeshi population being forced out (higher business rates for instance leading to closure of curry houses) and alteration to the residential experience (conversion of old factories/new types of business)
Outline the impacts of globalisation on Brick Lane.
17th century
French Huguenots - weaving and tailoring industries, breweries (still commemorated with wooden spools - catholicism (catholic churches)
Outline the impacts of globalisation on Brick Lane.
19th century
Irish/Jewish migrants > Yiddish food shops; catholic churches converted to synagogues
Outline the impacts of globalisation on Brick Lane.
20th century
Bangladesh community -Bangalatown (on street signs); famous for Brick Lane curry houses (‘The Culture Trip’ and ‘Time out’) - growth to local economy/provision of jobs (particularly helping to reverse decline in a previously poor area); growing number of mosques
How might government policies influence the social/economic; demographic and cultural characteristics of place?
Influence on demographics - population policies
Cultural characteristics- immigration policies/discrimination policies
Regeneration schemes and financial incentives for industries such as subsidies, tax breaks and enterprise zones > attract businesses/ positive multiplier
