changing places key terms Flashcards
what is a place?
a location with meaning- to individuals and groups (personal meaning and social/ cultural meaning)
what does continuity mean?
aspects that don’t change or change very slowly within a place to link past, present and future
what is qualitative data?
information that is non-numerical and used in an unstructural and open-ended way - interviews, focus groups, artistic depictions, photographs (may be coded and then can be analysed in a quantitative way)
what is coded data?
qualitative data which is turned into numerical data e.g using a scale of 1-10 to judge opinion
what is quantitative data?
data that can be quantified and verified and can be manipulated and analysed statistically to extract meaning
what is an insider?
someone who knows a place very well with a detailed knowledge and understanding of that place, shares cultural norm with people
what is an outsider?
someone does not know a place well or does not feel part of that community and feels isolated by people that live there
what is a far place?
a place that is distant physically or significantly different so that it is socially or culturally not in the experience of a person
what is a near place?
a place that is close by and/or one with which there could be affinity
what is a media place?
a place that is known from only books, films, music, TV and has never been visited
what is an experienced place?
a place that is known because someone is a resident or a visitor
what are endogenous factors?
the characteristics of a place itself and factors which have originated within the place (internally)- location, physical geography, land use, population, economy, built environment
what are exogenous factors?
the characteristics of a place based on the relationship of this place with other places and the external factors affecting this such as flows of people, resources, money and investment
what does location mean?
where a place physically is on a map or on the ground e.g map coordinates
what does locale mean?
the place where something happens or is set or has particular events associated with it
what does topography mean?
the arrangement of the human and physical features of an area
what is physical geography?
the climate, relief, drainage and natural ecosytem of an area
what does land use mean?
the way land surfaces are used (and how it changes over time) e.g built upon, set aside as parks, agricultural land, transport links built over land
what does built environment mean?
the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity and daily life, ranging from buildings to parks
what does infrastructure mean?
the essential services to enable or enhance living conditions such as transport systems, communications, water supply, sewers, energy supply, education and health services, local government, law enforcement and emergency services
what are demographic characteristics?
the features of a population in a place such as the age, gender, income,educational achievement, usually described through statistics
what are economic characteristics?
the features of a place such as the dominant industrial sector, employment rates, types of local employment, the level of business activity, usually described through statistics and focused on money
what is a local scale?
detailed, small scale and focused on a specific place
what is a regional scale?
an overview of places within a connected area e.g economically connected, physically connected, politically connected such as counties in the UK
what is a global scale?
operating worldwide and having connecting effects around the world
what are social inequalities?
the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different people and groups in society when resources are distributed unevenly
what are flows of people?
the movement of people from place to place for social, economic, political, environmental reasons and which operates at different scales and time frames e.g short-term migration, emigration/immigration, commuting each day, tourism
what are flows of resources?
the movement of materials needed for living from place to place e.g movement of coal from mining places to power generation sites, movement of car parts from manufacturers to assembly factories, movement of crops from farms to shops
what are flows of capital/ investment?
the movement of money that is going to be used to create new resources and businesses that will then generate economic activity
what are flows of ideas?
the movement of cultural ideas and norms from place to place e.g ideas of religion, ideas of entertainment, ideas of health and welfare etc
what are external forces?
actions and attitudes that work from outside of a place to change it
what are agents of change?
the people and organisations who impact on a place and make change happen through living, working or trying to improve a place e.g residents, community groups, businesses, local government and central government
what are government policies?
actions set in motion by the bodies holding power to make decisions (elected representatives in democracies- FBV) at both local and national scale
what are multinational corporations?
businesses that operate in more than one country and so have the capacity to move their resources around the world to seek higher profits
what are international institutions?
bodies and organisations that operate across international boundaries for the purposes of coordination and service delivery e.g humanitarian charities, inter-governmental bodies on climate change and scientific co-operation, UN
what are past and present connections?
how and why a place was linked to other places historically and how this has and is changing over time
what is a representation of a place?
how a place is portrayed or seen in society
what is place perception?
the way in which place is viewed or regarded by people- influenced by media representation or personal experience
what is placemaking?
the deliberate shaping of an environment to encourage social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life
what is a sense of place?
the subjective and emotional attachment that people have to a place- developed through experience and knowledge of a particular area
what is a place identity?
the belonging that comes out of a place- localism (affection for a particular place), regionalism (loyalty to a distinct region), nationalism (loyalty to a nation- patriotism)
what is a place meaning?
what a place means to various individuals and groups
what is census data?
demographic, social and economic data collected every 10 years by the government
what is geospatial data?
data that is linked to place e.g via GIS mapping
what is lived experience?
personal knowledge about a place gained through direct, first-hand experience
what does objective mean?
not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts
what does subjective mean?
based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes and opinions
what does rebranding/ reimaging mean?
attempts to discard negative perceptions of a place and generate new positive ideas and feelings about a place
what does place character/ characteristics mean?
the physical and human features that help to distinguish it from another place and make it unique
what does gentrification mean?
the process of renovating an improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste
