Changing Places Flashcards
What is place ?
Place is location with meaning
3 elements: location, locale, sense of place
Define location
A point in space where something is, coordinates on a map
Define locale
Broader context of a place.
Locales are locations in a place that are associated with everyday activities e.g. school
A place where something happens or is set or has certain events associated with it.
Define sense of place
The subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place, developed through knowledge or experience of the place
What factors influence someone’s place meaning ?
. Knowledge
. Age
. Gender
. Memories
. Religion/ culture
. Experience
. Socio-economic status
Define Topophillia
The strong bond and attachment between people and place
Define Placelessness
Places that lack sense of place and have little individuality or identity
What are the 3 main approaches to the study of place ?
The Descriptive approach
The Social construction approach
The Phenomenological approach
What’s the Descriptive approach?
Describes the physical aspects of the area and its characteristics. The world’s full of places, and each is different.
What’s the social constructionist approach
Considers the history of a place, whys it there, and what social processes help to create the place
What’s the phenominalogical approach ?
How an individual experiences a place, the personal relationship between person and place
What is placemaking ?
The deliberate shaping of an environment to improve a community’s quality of life and social interaction
What are some scales of place ?
Localism
Regionalism
Nationalism
Globalism
What’s positionally ?
Factors about an individual that impact their sense of place
E.g there level of experience
Define insider perspective
The point of view from an individual within a place that has an experience of it.
You understand the normal and unspoken rules of the place.
Define outsider perspective
Viewpoint of an individual that isn’t from/hasn’t lived in a place so has little to no experience of it.
They aren’t aware of the norms, customs or unspoken rules.
What are clones towns ?
Clone towns have lots of chain businesses like Costa instead of independent ones. They have lots of similar shops to other places, so look the same (clone). They lose individuality and identity. It’s from the globalisation of urban areas.
Define globalisation
The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the movement of goods, services, capital, information, and migration, leading to a more integrated global system and homogenisation.
Define glocalisation
Places that are resistant to globalisation and homogenising and some TNCs have adapted to place culture and norms
What are the 6 different classifications of place ?
- near place
- far place
- experienced place
- media place
- private place
- ## public place
Define Far places
Places that are geographically far away or emotionally far away (lack connection with no experience of the place).
Give an example of a far place
Africa is geographically far away and emotionally far away because I’ve never been there.
Define Near places
Places that are geographically close to you or places that have an emotional connection and are emotionally close to yo.
Give an example of near places
The local park is near to you and your childhood home is emotionally near to you.
What’s an experienced place ?
A place where someone has spent time and had an experience, have memories of it.
Give an example of an experienced place
A theme park like Thorpe Park is an experienced place because you have been there and have memories of it.
Define Media places
A place that you haven’t physically been to but have seen or read through media: social media, newspaper, websites, film …
Give an example of a media place
The eiffel Tower, because you haven’t been there, but you’ve seen it in films
Define and give an example ofprivate places
A place we become attached to, like our home or our phone
Define and give an example of public spaces
Places that are accessible to everyone like a shopping centre.
EQ
What’s the difference between media places and experienced place ?
Experienced Places:
Places that a person has physically visited and experienced, building a sense of familiarity and connection.
Examples:
Your hometown, a place you’ve traveled to, a school you attended.
Sense of Place:
The longer you spend in a place, the stronger your sense of place becomes, shaped by your lived experiences.
Attachment:
People develop attachments to places through lived experience, which can be positive (topophilia) or negative (topophobia).
Media Places:
Places known through media representations (films, books, social media, etc.) without personal experience.
Examples:
A city featured in a movie, a country you’ve only seen in travel brochures, a place you’ve only read about.
Perception:
Media representations can shape our perception of a place, potentially creating an idealized or biased view.
EQ
What’s the difference between near and far places ?
Near Places:
These are locations that feel close to us, physically or emotionally.
They are places we know well, have visited, or have strong connections to.
Examples include our home town, neighborhood, or places we regularly visit.
The concept of “near” is subjective and can vary based on individual experiences and cultural contexts.
Far Places:
These are locations that feel distant, either physically or emotionally.
They are places we might not have visited or have limited knowledge of, often relying on media or stories for our understanding.
Examples include countries or regions far away from our home.
The concept of “far” is also subjective and can be influenced by factors like travel time, cultural distance, and media representation.
Define endogenous factors
The characteristics of a place itself that originate from within (internally).
Give examples of Endogenous factors
Socioeconomic characteristics
Demographic characteristics
Infrastructure
Topography (shape of land)
Physical geography
Land use
Location
Built environment
Define Exogenous factors
Factors that are caused externally and are flows.
Give examples of Exogenous factors
Flow of people - migration
Flow of money and investment - economic and trade
Flow of ideas - design, invention
Flow of resources - materials, e.g, for buildings
What’s the demographic impact of globalisation
Increased migration has led to more diverse populations
Urbanisation is driven by the search for employment, creating more ethnic and cultural urban environments
What’s the economic impact of globalisation
Many HICs have shifted from manufacturing to service, tech and research economies so new economic hubs have emerged. Also has led to economic decline and unemployment in some areas (losing manufacturing jobs)
What’s the cultural impact of globalisation
It’s increased exposure to different cultures, blending them, allowing more understanding and acceptance. But it also caused loss of some local traditions and cultural homogenisation.
What are clone towns, and how does globalisation cause them
Clones towns are created due to spreading of chain stores so that loads of towns all have the same shops and look the same. Can create a sense of placelessness.
What is the environmental impact of globalisation
Globalisation, with its increased interconnectedness and resource consumption, has significant environmental impacts, including resource depletion, pollution, and climate change, with consequences both locally and globally.
Increased Consumption:
Globalization drives up global consumption, leading to higher demand for resources like fossil fuels, minerals, and water.
Deforestation:
The demand for land for agriculture, logging, and infrastructure expansion, often fueled by global trade, leads to widespread deforestation.
Overfishing:
Mining and Resource Extraction:
The extraction of resources in developing countries to meet the demands of global markets can cause environmental damage, including pollution, habitat destruction, and land degradation.
Air Pollution:
Increased industrial activity and transportation, both driven by globalization,
Increase Waste and Plastic Pollution:
The global production and consumption of plastic, much of which ends up in oceans and landfills, pose a significant environmental threat.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
The burning of fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and industrial processes -> climate change and Rising Sea Levels
Urbanization:
Globalization can lead to rapid urbanization, which can strain local resources, increase pollution, and lead to social and environmental problems.
Resource Scarcity:
Due to increased demand
Pollution:
Industrial and agricultural activities, often linked to global trade, can cause localized pollution, impacting human health and the environment.
List examples of external forces
(Agents of change)
Individuals
Local community groups
Local government
National government
National institution
Global and international institutions: e.g. UN, EU…
TNCs
What are some ways place is represented?
Advertising
Cartography (maps)
Statistically (census data)
Tourist agency material
Art exhibitions
Qualitative and Quantitative data
How do governments try to influence place meaning?
They use strategies to manipulate perception of place to attract people by:
Place marketing
Rebranding
Reimaging
What is place marketing, give examples
Creating positive perceptions of place in ways like :
Advertising e.g. through social media
Newsletters and websites
New logos
New promotions of events
Define rebranding
Redeveloped and marketed places gain a new identity, involves place marketing
Define reimaging
Discarding negative pre-existing perceptions of a place
Define regeneration
Long-termwq process involving redeveloping an area
