changing economic world Flashcards
how is development classified
-Gross national income (GDP + incomes earned by UK nationals abroad - income earned in the domestic economy by non UK nationals)
-demographic transition model
-fertility rate, death rate, birth rate
-human development index
what is the DMT
shows how a country’s population changes as it becomes more developed, from subsistence farming cultured (LICs) to HICs
what is the gini coefficient
measures how wealth is distributed and shows the correlation between levels of development and how uneven the distribution of wealth is within a country
factors causing uneven development
-physical environment e.g. natural hazards= 1985- MC had the worlds largest earthquake (7.8)
-health e.g. diseases
-trade e.g. NAFTA
-history e.g. colonialism
employment structure
% of people employed in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors
mexicos employment structure
-15th largest economy in the world
-primary= 2bn tonnes of limes a year - 25% exported
-secondary= maquiladoras - over 1mn workers
-tertiary= 32 mn visitors year generating $43.5 mm daily - 800000 jobs directly, 1.2mn indirectly
why do employment structures change
-industrialisation
-mechanisation
-imports
-economic growth
-globalisation
transnational company (TNC)
huge company which is controlled from one head office and operate in countries all over the world
advantages of tncs
-1mn people employed in maquiladoras
-more than half workers earn enough money to own their own homes
-low unemployment rate of 1%
disadvantages of tncs
-low wages and long hours
-workers in mexico are paid 40% less than workers in china
advantages of tourism in mexico
-8.5% mexicos GDP
-800000 jobs directly, 1.2mn indirectly
-$43.5 mn spent daily
disadvantages of tourism in mexico
-30-50% locals lack access to clean water
-hotels produce waste e.g. lagoons have become polluted
does mexico need foreign aid -YES
-25mn workers earn less than $14 per day
-50% population in poverty
-6% people aged 15 cant read or write
does mexico need foreign aid - NO
-15th largest economy in world
-63% employed in tertiary
international development aid in mexico
-casa y cuidad= NGO scheme that builds safe homes (well-built,sanitation, access to clean water and electricity ) and train local plumbers, builders and carpenters
-the international monetary fund= provides mexico with debt relief ($4bn bailout)
NAFTA
north american free trade agreement= allowed free trade for mexico, canada and usa with tariffs and quotas removed
top down scheme
gov led scheme which is large scale and expensive with little involvement of local people
bottom up scheme
involves local populations, small scale and cheap with appropriate technology and sustainable materials
solutions to the development gap in mexico
-industrial development= factories create employment for its workers and taxes for the gov
-tourism (top down)
-fair trade
uk links
-ports= 120 ports in the UK - Dover is the largest
-heathrow= UKs busiest airport- 1 plane takes off every 45secs, 300000 employed
-2200 miles of motorways
uk global links
-commonwealth= 1922- britain ruled over an empire of 53 countries (20% worlds population)
-EU= 50% of exports and imports are to the EU and other 50% is to China and USA
- Brexit left EU in 2016
-more than 750000 international flights depart from UK
economic change in the UK
-Globalisation= economic growth, TNCs, cheaper goods, migration
-factories moved to LICs= loss of jobs, less taxes
de-industrialisation
-closure of traditional industries which employ thousands of people
-North east england= region affected badly as traditional industries moved away or closes
de-industrialisation in UK
-The ICL chemical plant (middlesborough) closed = 30,000 people redundant
-easington colliery closed in 1993= 1400 unemployed
-shipyards on river tyne closed as ships are made quicker and cheaper in japan
