changing economic world

Question 1

how is development classified

Answer 1

-Gross national income (GDP + incomes earned by UK nationals abroad - income earned in the domestic economy by non UK nationals)
-demographic transition model
-fertility rate, death rate, birth rate
-human development index

Question 2

what is the DMT

Answer 2

shows how a country’s population changes as it becomes more developed, from subsistence farming cultured (LICs) to HICs

Question 3

what is the gini coefficient

Answer 3

measures how wealth is distributed and shows the correlation between levels of development and how uneven the distribution of wealth is within a country

Question 4

factors causing uneven development

Answer 4

-physical environment e.g. natural hazards= 1985- MC had the worlds largest earthquake (7.8)
-health e.g. diseases
-trade e.g. NAFTA
-history e.g. colonialism

Question 5

employment structure

Answer 5

% of people employed in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors

Question 6

mexicos employment structure

Answer 6

-15th largest economy in the world
-primary= 2bn tonnes of limes a year - 25% exported
-secondary= maquiladoras - over 1mn workers
-tertiary= 32 mn visitors year generating $43.5 mm daily - 800000 jobs directly, 1.2mn indirectly

Question 7

why do employment structures change

Answer 7

-industrialisation
-mechanisation
-imports
-economic growth
-globalisation

Question 8

transnational company (TNC)

Answer 8

huge company which is controlled from one head office and operate in countries all over the world

Question 9

advantages of tncs

Answer 9

-1mn people employed in maquiladoras
-more than half workers earn enough money to own their own homes
-low unemployment rate of 1%

Question 10

disadvantages of tncs

Answer 10

-low wages and long hours
-workers in mexico are paid 40% less than workers in china

Question 11

advantages of tourism in mexico

Answer 11

-8.5% mexicos GDP
-800000 jobs directly, 1.2mn indirectly
-$43.5 mn spent daily

Question 12

disadvantages of tourism in mexico

Answer 12

-30-50% locals lack access to clean water
-hotels produce waste e.g. lagoons have become polluted

Question 13

does mexico need foreign aid -YES

Answer 13

-25mn workers earn less than $14 per day
-50% population in poverty
-6% people aged 15 cant read or write

Question 14

does mexico need foreign aid - NO

Answer 14

-15th largest economy in world
-63% employed in tertiary

Question 15

international development aid in mexico

Answer 15

-casa y cuidad= NGO scheme that builds safe homes (well-built,sanitation, access to clean water and electricity ) and train local plumbers, builders and carpenters
-the international monetary fund= provides mexico with debt relief ($4bn bailout)

Question 16

NAFTA

Answer 16

north american free trade agreement= allowed free trade for mexico, canada and usa with tariffs and quotas removed

Question 17

top down scheme

Answer 17

gov led scheme which is large scale and expensive with little involvement of local people

Question 18

bottom up scheme

Answer 18

involves local populations, small scale and cheap with appropriate technology and sustainable materials

Question 19

solutions to the development gap in mexico

Answer 19

-industrial development= factories create employment for its workers and taxes for the gov
-tourism (top down)
-fair trade

Question 20

uk links

Answer 20

-ports= 120 ports in the UK - Dover is the largest
-heathrow= UKs busiest airport- 1 plane takes off every 45secs, 300000 employed
-2200 miles of motorways

Question 21

uk global links

Answer 21

-commonwealth= 1922- britain ruled over an empire of 53 countries (20% worlds population)
-EU= 50% of exports and imports are to the EU and other 50% is to China and USA
- Brexit left EU in 2016
-more than 750000 international flights depart from UK

Question 22

economic change in the UK

Answer 22

-Globalisation= economic growth, TNCs, cheaper goods, migration
-factories moved to LICs= loss of jobs, less taxes

Question 23

de-industrialisation

Answer 23

-closure of traditional industries which employ thousands of people
-North east england= region affected badly as traditional industries moved away or closes

Question 24

de-industrialisation in UK

Answer 24

-The ICL chemical plant (middlesborough) closed = 30,000 people redundant
-easington colliery closed in 1993= 1400 unemployed
-shipyards on river tyne closed as ships are made quicker and cheaper in japan

Question 25

effects of de-industrialisation

Answer 25

-2011 census= people have lower incomes, poorer health, fewer qualifications
-residents are 25% more likely to claim benefits

Question 26

modern industrial developments

Answer 26

-post-industrial economy= when manufacturing jobs have been replaced by jobs in the service industry
-M4 corridor
-cambridge science park
-toyota

Question 27

M4 corridor

Answer 27

-area next to the M4 motorway running between london and south wales
-easy access, cheaper land
-access to Heathrow and unis

Question 28

Cambridge science park

Answer 28

-one pf the UKs most high tech industries (over 1500 IT)
-near to heathrow= international links
-close to A14 and M11
-leisure facilities
-student accommodation

Question 29

toyota, burnaston

Answer 29

-more than 1.5million cars are made each year in the UK by 7 large TNCs
-installed 17,000 solar pannels
-aim to reach 0 carbon emissions by 2050
-using rainwater harvestin

Question 30

environmental impacts of cars

Answer 30

-particulates released
-39090 gallons of water used
-noise pollution

Question 31

resolving regional differences: Liverpool background

Answer 31

-north east of england on the coast to the east of the Irish sea
-WW2= germany bombed ports and harbours (2500 dead)
-1985= unemployment rate= 20% double national average, crime was 4.5x higher national average

Question 32

resolving regional differences: Liverpool investment

Answer 32

-£200,000 million invested
-albert dock gained world status
-1.4million visitors a week
-2500 jobs
-northern powerhouse railway= £3.4billion boost to the economy by 2040

Question 33

transport scheme: railway upgrade plan

Answer 33

-a scheme to provide better, more frequent and faster journeys
-creation of a cross rail line called the Elizabeth line
-EL= cost £18.9 billion (tax money)- bringing 1.5mill people to central london
-in north= railway improvements enables 2000 extra services + allows 40,000 people to travel

Question 34

transport scheme: London Gateway

Answer 34

-area of docks built on 3km stretch of coastline which reduces the distance of goods on the roads by 80km
-cost £1.5bn= 6 cargo ships containing 18,000 containers each can be unloaded
-removes 2,000 lorries from roads per day
-paper waste shipped back to china to help used in boxes