Changine Cities

Question 1

What are the effects of urbanisation?

Answer 1

• Increase in air, noise, and water pollution
• investments increased - this means economic growth and an increase in job opportunities
• In developing and emerging countries/economies, the gap between the rich and poor often widens

Question 2

Which places have the highest population density?

Answer 2

Urban areas

Question 3

What site is Mexico City on

Answer 3

It’s on an island in lake texcoco
- as it was built in the Aztec times on reclaimed land - from the lake

Question 4

What’s Mexico citie’s main connectivity?

Answer 4

Major highways link it between North and South America

Question 5

What is in Mexico cities CBD ?

Answer 5

Financial centers, office blocks, government buildings
- The Mexican stock exchange

Question 6

What’s in the inner city of Mexico City

Answer 6

. Old unplanned settlements and abandoned colonial mansions

Question 7

What are in suburbs of Mexico City?

Answer 7

Middle class housing with heavy security

Question 8

What dominates the rural - urban fringe of Mexico City

Answer 8

• New unplanned settlements (squatter settlements)

Question 9

Between 1950 and 2010 by now much did Mexico cities population grow?

Answer 9

It grew from 2 million to 19 million

Question 10

What three factors mainly contributed to the grow of MC

Answer 10

• Natural increase
  -Migration (rural - urban migration aswell as international migration)
• investment - construction of offices and factories = more job oppitunites

Question 11

Where does the biggest flow of immigrants into Mexico City come from

Answer 11

From rural areas looking for better quality of life, or job oppitunities

Question 12

4 ways migration impacts Mexico City

Answer 12

• Young migrants arrive in the City bringing new skill’s and job oppitanities
• business benefit from low-cost labour
• housing shortages (leading to squatter settlements appearing on edge of the city)
• higher levels of air pollution (as more cars on the road) leading to respiratory problems

Question 13

3 inequalities that has been caused by rapid growth

Answer 13

-One in three workers are paid less than $4 a day
- bottom 20% earn 13 times less than the top 20%
- the poorest 10% average 2 years of schooling

Question 14

Effects of Mexico’s rapid urbanisation

Answer 14

• Housing shortages
  _Unplanned settlements
  -under employment
  -pollution
  -Strain on services

Question 15

What are top down schemes ?

Answer 15

Projects funded by the government - large scale

Question 16

What are top down schemes?

Answer 16

Small scale projects funded by (NGOs)
NGOs = non-governmental organisations

Question 17

Name one bottom -up scheme in Mexico City?
And what do they do?

Answer 17

Cultiva
- It Works to educate child children about gardening
- managing rooftop gardens allowing residents to grow healthy food

Question 18

Name two top-down schemes in Mexico City

Answer 18

Affordable housing -to help try solve the housing shortage
Trash-for-food trading system

Metrobus system - reduces journey times and CO2 emissions
Largest bus system in the world

Question 19

Name different pull factors

Answer 19

Better job opportunities
Better healthcare
Better housing
Better education

Question 20

Different push factors

Answer 20

Crop failures
Natural increase

Question 21

4 factors as to why the uks population distribution is so uneven

Answer 21

Physical factors - south east of UK has much flatter and nutrient rich soil, this means intensive farming over time has led to wealthy towns and cities emerging in this area

Historical factors -
Mass urbanisation due to the industrial revolution

Recent economic factors-
The employment structure of the UK shifted significantly from before WWll- with a huge decrease in primary industry and an increase in tertiary industry

Political factors-
-Parliament and many key institutions are based in London - this means 1 million employed directly by the government
- many financial institutions are also based in London

Question 22

How did the shift in employment structure impact population distribution?

Answer 22

As mass migration will occur to areas with the most job opportunities
Example:
Mass migration occurred during the industrial revaluation - as there was a shirt from primary to secondary industry (jobs in factories)

Question 23

How do we measure inequality?

Answer 23

Gini co-efficient

Question 24

What factors influence site location?

Answer 24

Dry point/wet point
Defences
Bridging points - settlements located by a bridge across a river
Nodal points - settlements built in a valley, with only one route in
Aspect - settlements built in sheltered areas

Question 25

How did Manchester develop into an industrial city

Answer 25

1) man was always famous for their mills- which were powered by rivers
2) then instead of using water, Manchester used steam to power the mills-the coal that was used as fuel was heavy and hard to transport= resulting in the building of a railway
3)Manchester was in between the major cities of Liverpool, Leeds and Hull and a canal ran between all the cities
4)

Question 26

What are the two different urban models and what are the differences between them?

Answer 26

Burgess model - suggests the cities grow out in circles from the CBD
Hoyt model- suggests that cities grow in sectors which are inter spliced

Question 27

Name 3 different groups that migrated to Manchester and why?

Answer 27

• 1840s Irish migration - lack of food due to potato famine
• 1890s Jewish migration - looking for asylum and safety
• 1950 s south Asian, African and Caribbean migration- encouraged by the British government to come over and work

Question 28

Positive impacts of migration on Manchester

Answer 28

• Filling labour shortages in certain sectors
• contribute to the economy
• Development of social and cultural networks
• Cultural diversity

Question 29

Negative effects of migration on Manchester

Answer 29

Tension and conflicts between different communities
Pressure on public services and infrastructure
Completion for jobs and wages
Discrimination and prejudice

Question 30

3 causes of de industrialisation

Answer 30

Decline in local manufacturing industries
Ross of jobs and high unemployment rates
Reduction in wages and disposable income

Question 31

3 causes of deindustrialisation

Answer 31

• Economic recession
• environmental concerns
• technological advancements

Question 32

Factors used to measure deprivation

Answer 32

Income
Employment
Health deprivation and disability
Crime
Living environment

Question 33

4 reasons why the Trafford Center has a good site

Answer 33

• Cheap land
  -Good transport links
• large sphere of influxes