CHANGES IN GENETIC MATERIAL + GENETIC TRANSFER AND RECOMBINATION Flashcards
Lesson 3
Changes in Genetic Material
- Mutation
- Recombination–horizontal gene transfer
*a permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
Mutation
Types of Mutation
Point substitution
Frameshift substitution
Types of Point substitution
- Silent mutation
- Missense mutation
- Nonsense mutation
- Insertion
- Deletion
Types of Frameshift substitution
- a single nucleotide/base at one point in the DNA sequence is replaced with a different nucleotide/base
Point Mutation/Base Substitution
most common type of mutation
Point Mutation/Base Substitution
one or a few nucleotide pairs are deleted or inserted in the DNA
Frameshift Mutation
can shift the “translational reading frame”
Frameshift Mutation
A _____ mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides is/are lost from a DNA molecule.
deletion mutation
An _____ mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides is/are added to a DNA molecule.
insertion mutation
- the exchange of genes between two DNA molecules to form new combinations of genes on a chromosome
Genetic Recombination
Genetic Recombination 2 cells involved:
- Donor cell
- Recipient cell
self-replicating, gene-containing, circular pieces of DNA about 1–5% the size of the bacterial chromosome
Plasmid
not necessary for survival but offer some advantages
* F factor – carries genes for sex pili
* Resistance factor (R factor) – antibiotic resistance
Plasmid
