Change Management Flashcards
Four Types of Change:
Operational Changes
Strategic Changes
Cultural Changes
Political Changes
Can influence the way dynamic business tasks are led, including the computerization of a particular business segment.
Operational Changes
Occur when the business direction, in relation to its vision, mission, and philosophy, is altered.
Strategic Changes
Influence the internal organizational culture.
Cultural Changes
In human resources occur primarily due to political reasons of varying types.
Political Change
What are the Targets of Change?
Human Resources
Functional Resources
Technological Capabilities
Organizational Capabilities
The nature of work, strategies used, and the different job designs for individuals and groups.
Tasks
Attitudes and skills of the employees along with the human resource management of the organization.
People
Norms of the organization, the values of the organization.
Culture
Operations and information technology to support job designs and machines in systems.
Technology
System of the organization, design features and communication systems.
Structure
Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze Model is proposed by _____ on what year?
Kurt Lewin
1950s
Used as a basis for many Change Management strategies.
Kurt Lewin’s three-step “Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze” model
Founder of Social Physiology
Kurt Lewin
Friction causes changes
Unfreezing
Reduction of forces that support the status quo
Unfreezing
Creation of new behavior
Change
Creation of culture that supports the change
Change
Developing new methods to get the change to “stick”
Refreezing
Creation of support mechanisms to enhance change
Refreezing
Proski’s ADKAR Model:
Awarenessof the business reasons for change
Desire to engage and participate in the change
Knowledge about how to change
Ability to implement change
Reinforcement to ensure change sticks
First “A” in Proski’s ADKAR Model
Awarenessof the business reasons for change
D in Proski’s ADKAR Model
Desire to engage and participate in the change
K in Proski’s ADKAR Model
Knowledge about how to change
Second “A” in Proski’s ADKAR Model
Ability to implement change
R in Proski’s ADKAR Model
Reinforcement to ensure change sticks
Developed by Harvard Business School’s John Kotter
Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change
Focuses on efficient and effective change management in a competitive world.
Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change
Step 1 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Increase Urgency
Step 2 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Build Guiding Team
Step 3 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Develop the Vision
Step 4 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Communicate for Buy-in
Step 5 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Empower Action
Step 6 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Create Short Term Win
Step 7 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Don’t Let Up
Step 8 in Kotter’s 8-Step Model of Change:
Make Change Stick
A series of tools, techniques and processes aimed at successfully effecting change.
Change Management
The tools and techniques in a Change Management can be implemented in a variety of contexts, but often they support the application of other initiatives such as:
Six Sigma
CRM
Total Quality Management
Enterprise Application such as SAP
A set of methodologies and tools used to improve business processes by reducing defects and errors, minimizing variation, and increasing quality and efficiency.
Six Sigma
A technology for managing all your company’s relationships and interactions.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
The combination of practices, strategies and technologies that companies use to manage and analyze customer interactions and data throughout the customer lifecycle.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
What is the goal in Customer Relationship Management (CRM)?
The goal is to improve customer service relationships and assist in customer retention and drive sales growth.
An approach to success through continuous communications.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
The continual process of detecting and eliminating manufacturing errors, streamlining supply chains, improving the customer experience, and ensuring employees are fully trained.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
An example of enterprise resource planning that is used to assist companies with the management of business areas, such as finances, logistics and human resources.
SAP Software
Who described the common tools and techniques that a change management practitioner might use during a change initiative?
Downey
Downey describes common tools and techniques that a change management practitioner might use during a change initiative, which include:
- Questioning skills to gather information about the ‘as is’ and ‘to be’ status of the business process 2. Process mapping for both ‘as is’ and ‘to be’ processes
- Gap analysis
- Business case development
- Project management
- Problem solving
