Chamberlain Review Flashcards
At which spinal level does the spinal cord end? The dural sac?
L2
S2
What happens to the notochord in the adult? What happens to the neural tube?
Nucleus pulposus of disc
Becomes the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord.
The neural crest cells go on to form what?
The peripheral nervous system
What are the muscles supplied by the radial nerve? (BEST)
Brachioradialis (perfect for holding beer), extensors, supinators, triceps
The radius articulates with which carpal bones?
Scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum
What are the landmarks of the anatomical snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
What are the muscles supplied by median nerve? (L(L)OAF)
Lumbricals 1 & 2 (LL)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Intrinsic muscles of the hand: All for one and one for all.
Thenar: Abductor pollicis longus, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Adductor pollicis brevis
Hypothenar: Opponens digit minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi
Where does flexor digitorum superficialis (middle layer) and flexor digitorum profundus (deep layer) insert?
Superficialis, splits and inserts on middle phalanges
Profundus, inserts in distal phalanges (deep layer)
Insertions on the extensor side of the hand begin where?
At the MCP, the extensor expansion
Name the condition: Chronic irritation causes a nodule to form along the flexor tendons preventing smooth action of the tendon and may lock finger in flexed position.
Trigger finger
Name the condition: lost extensor connection to distal phalanx, can’t extend distal phalanx
Mallet deformity
What do the the palmar and dorsal interossei do?
PAD
DAP
Name the hand deformity for the lesion:
Radial n.
Ulnar n.
Median n.
Drop
Claw
Ape hand/Apostol - loss of flexion of metacarpal 1,2,3, weak flexion of 4, 5, can’t bring thumb and pinky to touch.
Name the hand fracture:
FOOSH on extended hand
FOOSH on flexed hand
Colle’s - dinner fork deformity
Smith’s
The neural crest cells go on to form what structures?
CAlifornia MOTEL PASS: Craniofacial structures Arachnoid, pia Melanocytes Odontoblasts Tracheal cartilage Enterochromaffin cells - Adrenal medulla Laryngeal cartilage Parafollicular C cells/Pseudounipolar cells All ganglia Schwann cells Spiral septum -Aorticopulmonary septum
Describe the SSX of neurofibromatosis type 1.
Cafe au lait, iris pigmentation (lisch nodules), neurofibromas
The alar (sensory) plate becomes the _____ horn. The basal (motor) plate becomes the ____ horn.
dorsal
ventral
Remnants of Rathke’s pouch may give rise to what condition?
Craniopharyngioma
What are the functions of the following areas of the nucleus: Superchiasmatic Paraventricular Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial
Circadian rhythm Oxytocin release Cooling (radiator) Heating (exhaust) Hunger (gas cap) Satiety (gas tank)
MC form of spina bifida.
Occulta - hair
Spinous process terminates at a higher level.
What maternal serum level is elevated with neural tube defects?
Alpha-feto protein
Know the ossification ages: (Every potential anatomist should know when) Elbow Pelvis, Ankle Shoulder, Knee Wrist
16
17
18
19
Branchial plexus runs from what vertebral levels?
C5-T1
What n. innervates supra and infra spinatus?
Suprascapular n.
What is the first branch off of the aorta?
Coronary arteries
Which side is the brachiocelphalic?
Right.
ABCS - Aortic arch gives Brachiocephalic trunk, Common Carotid, Subclavian
What do the following give rise to:
Pharyngeal groove 1
1st Arch
External auditory meatus - you hear groovy music
Maxilla/mandible
Which pharyngeal pouches give rise to:
Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus
Superior parathyroid glands
3
4
Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS).
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic n.
What nerve innervates levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor?
Dorsal scapular n.
What nerve innervates supra and infra spinatus?
Suprascapular n.
Name the CN assoc with the pharyngeal arch: 1 2 3 4 5
CN V CN VII CN IX CN X Redundant CN X
What nerve innervates teres major and subscapularis?
Subscapular n.
Lower - teres
Upper - subscapularis
What nerve innervates deltoid and teres minor?
Axillary n.
What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal n.
Name the proximal attachments of the deltoid?
CLASP
Clavical
Acromion
Spine of scapula
What conditions occurs when the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches fail to form?
DiGeorge Syndrome - no thymus, parathyroid glands
SSX of acute endocarditis: SPACE
Subcutaneous nodules, pancarditis, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum.
ASO titer
Where do the following bifurcations occur:
Common Carotid
Trachea
Aorta
C4
T4
L4
Accessory respiratory muscles:
SCM
Scalene
Pec minor
Superior mediastinum contents: PVT Left BATTLE
Phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Thoracic duct Left recurrent laryngeal n. (voice) Brachiocephalic veins Aortic arch Thymus Trachea Lymph Nodes Esophagus
Posterior mediastinum contents: DATES
Desceding aorta Azygos and hemiazygous veins Thoracic duct Esophagus Sympathetic trunk/ganglia
Anterior mediastinum contents:
Thymus
BROAD ligament contents
Bundle (Ovarian neurovascular bundle) Round ligament Ovarian ligament Artefacts (vestigial structures) Duct (oviduct)
The crura of the diaphragm comes from what?
Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
The septum transversum becomes what?
Central tendon of the diaphragm
What nerve roots supply the diaphragm?
C3, C4, C5
Name the embryological remnant of the: Umbilical vein Ductus venosus Ductus arteriosus Foramen ovale
Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum
Ligamentum arteriosum
Fossa ovale
What infection in pregancy is associated with patent ductus arteriosus?
Rubella virus
MC cause of obstruction under 2yr? Currant stool jelly?
Intussusception
What two tissues are involved in Meckel’s diverticulum? M/F? How far from ileoceccal valve?
Supplied by omphalomesenteric artery (a remnant of the vitelline artery).
2% (of the population)
2 feet (proximal to the ileocecal valve)
2 inches (in length)
2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic)
2 years is the most common age at clinical presentation
2:1 male:female ratio
