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NPLEX I > Chamberlain Review > Flashcards

Chamberlain Review Flashcards

1
Q

At which spinal level does the spinal cord end? The dural sac?

A

L2

S2

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2
Q

What happens to the notochord in the adult? What happens to the neural tube?

A

Nucleus pulposus of disc

Becomes the ventricles and central canal of spinal cord.

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3
Q

The neural crest cells go on to form what?

A

The peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

What are the muscles supplied by the radial nerve? (BEST)

A

Brachioradialis (perfect for holding beer), extensors, supinators, triceps

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5
Q

The radius articulates with which carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

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6
Q

What are the landmarks of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

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7
Q

What are the muscles supplied by median nerve? (L(L)OAF)

A

Lumbricals 1 & 2 (LL)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

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8
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand: All for one and one for all.

A

Thenar: Abductor pollicis longus, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Adductor pollicis brevis

Hypothenar: Opponens digit minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi

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9
Q

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis (middle layer) and flexor digitorum profundus (deep layer) insert?

A

Superficialis, splits and inserts on middle phalanges

Profundus, inserts in distal phalanges (deep layer)

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10
Q

Insertions on the extensor side of the hand begin where?

A

At the MCP, the extensor expansion

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11
Q

Name the condition: Chronic irritation causes a nodule to form along the flexor tendons preventing smooth action of the tendon and may lock finger in flexed position.

A

Trigger finger

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12
Q

Name the condition: lost extensor connection to distal phalanx, can’t extend distal phalanx

A

Mallet deformity

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13
Q

What do the the palmar and dorsal interossei do?

A

PAD

DAP

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14
Q

Name the hand deformity for the lesion:
Radial n.
Ulnar n.
Median n.

A

Drop
Claw
Ape hand/Apostol - loss of flexion of metacarpal 1,2,3, weak flexion of 4, 5, can’t bring thumb and pinky to touch.

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15
Q

Name the hand fracture:
FOOSH on extended hand
FOOSH on flexed hand

A

Colle’s - dinner fork deformity

Smith’s

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16
Q

The neural crest cells go on to form what structures?

A 
CAlifornia MOTEL PASS:
Craniofacial structures
Arachnoid, pia
Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
Tracheal cartilage
Enterochromaffin cells - Adrenal medulla
Laryngeal cartilage
Parafollicular C cells/Pseudounipolar cells
All ganglia
Schwann cells
Spiral septum -Aorticopulmonary septum
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17
Q

Describe the SSX of neurofibromatosis type 1.

A

Cafe au lait, iris pigmentation (lisch nodules), neurofibromas

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18
Q

The alar (sensory) plate becomes the _____ horn. The basal (motor) plate becomes the ____ horn.

A

dorsal

ventral

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19
Q

Remnants of Rathke’s pouch may give rise to what condition?

A

Craniopharyngioma

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20
Q 
What are the functions of the following areas of the nucleus:
Superchiasmatic
Paraventricular
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral 
Medial
A 
Circadian rhythm
Oxytocin release
Cooling (radiator)
Heating (exhaust)
Hunger (gas cap)
Satiety (gas tank)
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21
Q

MC form of spina bifida.

A

Occulta - hair

Spinous process terminates at a higher level.

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22
Q

What maternal serum level is elevated with neural tube defects?

A

Alpha-feto protein

23
Q 
Know the ossification ages: (Every potential anatomist should know when)
Elbow
Pelvis, Ankle
Shoulder, Knee
Wrist
24
Q

Branchial plexus runs from what vertebral levels?

25
What n. innervates supra and infra spinatus?
Suprascapular n.
26
What is the first branch off of the aorta?
Coronary arteries
27
Which side is the brachiocelphalic?
Right. ABCS - Aortic arch gives Brachiocephalic trunk, Common Carotid, Subclavian
28
What do the following give rise to: Pharyngeal groove 1 1st Arch
External auditory meatus - you hear groovy music | Maxilla/mandible
29
Which pharyngeal pouches give rise to: Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus Superior parathyroid glands
3 | 4
30
Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS).
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor Supraspinatus
31
What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic n.
32
What nerve innervates levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor?
Dorsal scapular n.
33
What nerve innervates supra and infra spinatus?
Suprascapular n.
34
``` Name the CN assoc with the pharyngeal arch: 1 2 3 4 5 ```
``` CN V CN VII CN IX CN X Redundant CN X ```
35
What nerve innervates teres major and subscapularis?
Subscapular n. Lower - teres Upper - subscapularis
36
What nerve innervates deltoid and teres minor?
Axillary n.
37
What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal n.
38
Name the proximal attachments of the deltoid?
CLASP Clavical Acromion Spine of scapula
39
What conditions occurs when the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches fail to form?
DiGeorge Syndrome - no thymus, parathyroid glands
40
SSX of acute endocarditis: SPACE
Subcutaneous nodules, pancarditis, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum. ASO titer
41
Where do the following bifurcations occur: Common Carotid Trachea Aorta
C4 T4 L4
42
Accessory respiratory muscles:
SCM Scalene Pec minor
43
Superior mediastinum contents: PVT Left BATTLE
``` Phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Thoracic duct Left recurrent laryngeal n. (voice) Brachiocephalic veins Aortic arch Thymus Trachea Lymph Nodes Esophagus ```
44
Posterior mediastinum contents: DATES
``` Desceding aorta Azygos and hemiazygous veins Thoracic duct Esophagus Sympathetic trunk/ganglia ```
45
Anterior mediastinum contents:
Thymus
46
BROAD ligament contents
``` Bundle (Ovarian neurovascular bundle) Round ligament Ovarian ligament Artefacts (vestigial structures) Duct (oviduct) ```
47
The crura of the diaphragm comes from what?
Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
48
The septum transversum becomes what?
Central tendon of the diaphragm
49
What nerve roots supply the diaphragm?
C3, C4, C5
50
``` Name the embryological remnant of the: Umbilical vein Ductus venosus Ductus arteriosus Foramen ovale ```
Ligamentum teres Ligamentum venosum Ligamentum arteriosum Fossa ovale
51
What infection in pregancy is associated with patent ductus arteriosus?
Rubella virus
52
MC cause of obstruction under 2yr? Currant stool jelly?
Intussusception
53
What two tissues are involved in Meckel's diverticulum? M/F? How far from ileoceccal valve?
Supplied by omphalomesenteric artery (a remnant of the vitelline artery). 2% (of the population) 2 feet (proximal to the ileocecal valve) 2 inches (in length) 2 types of common ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic) 2 years is the most common age at clinical presentation 2:1 male:female ratio

NPLEX I (12 decks)

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