Anderson Repro Flashcards
What is the remnant of the uterus in a male?
Utricle
What are the three part of the urethra?
Bladder/trigone - internal urethral meatus, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra
T/F: Corpus spongiosum and glans are the same tissue.
T
What converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone(DHT)?
5alpha-reductase (requires NADPH)
What cell is affected by LH? What cell is affected by FSH?
LH - Leydig cell - produce testosterone
FSH - Sertoli cell - maintain seminiferous epithelium
T/F: DHT is responsible for external genitalia maturation at puberty.
T
MC cause of urethritis
GC
Cryptorchidism increases the risk for ____________.
Infertility and testicular cancer
Name the swelling: scrotal varicosity, bag of worms accumulation of serous fluid, transillum blood in scrotal sac, dt trauma, does not transillum m/c tumor with cryptorchidism
varicocele
hydrocele
hematocele/torsion
seminoma
What types of HPV are assoc with cervical cancer?
16, 18 and 31, 33
Painless bleeding after intercourse is an indicator for what condition.
Squamous cell cervical cancer
Name the hormone:
Trophic to endometrium
Maintains endometrium
Estrogen
Progesterone
MC tumor in women
Leiomyoma/Fibroid
MC invasive cancer of female tract
Uterine adenocarcinoma - postmenopausal women starts bleeding
Androgen excess, young women, menstrual disorder, infertility, string of pearls sign, hirsuitism
PCOS
What are SSX of ovarian cancer? What marker is seen in 80% of cases?
Asymptomatic or GI sx
CA-125
What converts testosterone to estradiol?
aromatase - high levels in ovaries
T/F: Progesterone is not thermogenic.
F - it is.
Fibrocystic breast dz vs. Fibroadenoma of the breast
Adenoma - mc benign tumor
Where does end of the maturation for the sperm occur?
Epididymis
How many meiotic divisions does sperm go through before fertilization? oocyte?
2
1
The last one occurs at fertilization.
How many sperm are yielded from one spermatocyte?
4
Put the fertilization steps in order: Morula, blastocyst, zygote.
Zygote - morula - blastocyst
Name the location: Site of fertilization, become zygote Becomes morula Free blastocyst Blastocyst attaches
Ampulla
Uterine tube
Uterus
Superior/posterior uterine wall (day 20 of cycle)
What occurs during gastrulation?
Formation of the germ layers.
What comes out of these germ layers:
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Nervous system, sensory apparatus, epidermis, appendages, post pit, adrenal medulla, mammary glands
Connective tissues, muscle, heart, blood, lymph, kidney, ovaries, spleen, adrenal cortex
Internal epithelial (gastro/resp), tonsils, thyroid, epithelial lining of bladder, urethra, auditory tube, liver, thymus
Name the germ layer: Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Ant pit Post pit
Meso
Ecto
Meso
Ecto
What does not cross the placenta easily?
AA (some T3, T4 passes) and drugs with AA related structure
The anterior pituitary produces ________ while the post pituitary produces _______ during lactation.
Prolactin
Oxytocin
T/F: hCG is highest in early pregnancy and then tapers off.
T
Name the organ that is sensitive during pregnancy period: Weeks 3-38 Weeks 4-8 Weeks 7-38 Weeks 4-16 Weeks 3-8 Weeks 7-9 Weeks 4-38
CNS Upper and lower limbs Teeth, external genitalia Ears Heart Palate Eyes
Purine bases:
Pyrimidine bases:
Adenine, guanine
Uracil, thymine, cytosine
Bases for DNA:
Bases for RNA:
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Adenine uracil, guanine, cytosine
Nucleosides vs nucleotides
Sides- purines/pyrimidines linked to pentose sugar
Tides- phosphates of the nucleoside
What is the most important substrate used in purine biosynthesis? What part of pyrimidine synthesis is it required for?
FOLATE
Thymine synthesis
What is uric acid made from? What is the enzyme?
Xanthine
Xanthine oxidase
T/F: New DNA is formed in a 5’-3’ direction.
T
What connects the DNA pieces and what are they called?
DNA ligase
Okazaki fragments
What is the job of tRNA?
Brings in amino acids and translate mRNA into a protein.
Name the karyotype abnormality:
XXY, hypogonadic, gynecomastia
XO - menopause before mearche, “streak ovaries”
47 chromosomes
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Down syndrome
How are mitochondrial DNA disorders passed down?
Through ova because they carry the mitochondria.
