Anderson Repro

Question 1

What is the remnant of the uterus in a male?

Answer 1

Utricle

Question 2

What are the three part of the urethra?

Answer 2

Bladder/trigone - internal urethral meatus, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra

Question 3

T/F: Corpus spongiosum and glans are the same tissue.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

What converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone(DHT)?

Answer 4

5alpha-reductase (requires NADPH)

Question 5

What cell is affected by LH? What cell is affected by FSH?

Answer 5

LH - Leydig cell - produce testosterone

FSH - Sertoli cell - maintain seminiferous epithelium

Question 6

T/F: DHT is responsible for external genitalia maturation at puberty.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

MC cause of urethritis

Answer 7

GC

Question 8

Cryptorchidism increases the risk for ____________.

Answer 8

Infertility and testicular cancer

Question 9

Name the swelling: 
scrotal varicosity, bag of worms 
accumulation of serous fluid, transillum
blood in scrotal sac, dt trauma, does not transillum
m/c tumor with cryptorchidism

Answer 9

varicocele
hydrocele
hematocele/torsion
seminoma

Question 10

What types of HPV are assoc with cervical cancer?

Answer 10

16, 18 and 31, 33

Question 11

Painless bleeding after intercourse is an indicator for what condition.

Answer 11

Squamous cell cervical cancer

Question 12

Name the hormone:
Trophic to endometrium
Maintains endometrium

Answer 12

Estrogen

Progesterone

Question 13

MC tumor in women

Answer 13

Leiomyoma/Fibroid

Question 14

MC invasive cancer of female tract

Answer 14

Uterine adenocarcinoma - postmenopausal women starts bleeding

Question 15

Androgen excess, young women, menstrual disorder, infertility, string of pearls sign, hirsuitism

Answer 15

PCOS

Question 16

What are SSX of ovarian cancer? What marker is seen in 80% of cases?

Answer 16

Asymptomatic or GI sx

CA-125

Question 17

What converts testosterone to estradiol?

Answer 17

aromatase - high levels in ovaries

Question 18

T/F: Progesterone is not thermogenic.

Answer 18

F - it is.

Question 19

Fibrocystic breast dz vs. Fibroadenoma of the breast

Answer 19

Adenoma - mc benign tumor

Question 20

Where does end of the maturation for the sperm occur?

Answer 20

Epididymis

Question 21

How many meiotic divisions does sperm go through before fertilization? oocyte?

Answer 21

2
1

The last one occurs at fertilization.

Question 22

How many sperm are yielded from one spermatocyte?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

Put the fertilization steps in order: Morula, blastocyst, zygote.

Answer 23

Zygote - morula - blastocyst

Question 24

Name the location: 
Site of fertilization, become zygote 
Becomes morula 
Free blastocyst 
Blastocyst attaches

Answer 24

Ampulla
Uterine tube
Uterus
Superior/posterior uterine wall (day 20 of cycle)

Question 25

What occurs during gastrulation?

Answer 25

Formation of the germ layers.

Question 26

What comes out of these germ layers: Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Answer 26

Nervous system, sensory apparatus, epidermis, appendages, post pit, adrenal medulla, mammary glands Connective tissues, muscle, heart, blood, lymph, kidney, ovaries, spleen, adrenal cortex Internal epithelial (gastro/resp), tonsils, thyroid, epithelial lining of bladder, urethra, auditory tube, liver, thymus

Question 27

``` Name the germ layer: Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Ant pit Post pit ```

Answer 27

Meso Ecto Meso Ecto

Question 28

What does not cross the placenta easily?

Answer 28

AA (some T3, T4 passes) and drugs with AA related structure

Question 29

The anterior pituitary produces ________ while the post pituitary produces _______ during lactation.

Answer 29

Prolactin | Oxytocin

Question 30

T/F: hCG is highest in early pregnancy and then tapers off.

Answer 30

T

Question 31

``` Name the organ that is sensitive during pregnancy period: Weeks 3-38 Weeks 4-8 Weeks 7-38 Weeks 4-16 Weeks 3-8 Weeks 7-9 Weeks 4-38 ```

Answer 31

``` CNS Upper and lower limbs Teeth, external genitalia Ears Heart Palate Eyes ```

Question 32

Purine bases: | Pyrimidine bases:

Answer 32

Adenine, guanine | Uracil, thymine, cytosine

Question 33

Bases for DNA: | Bases for RNA:

Answer 33

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine | Adenine uracil, guanine, cytosine

Question 34

Nucleosides vs nucleotides

Answer 34

Sides- purines/pyrimidines linked to pentose sugar | Tides- phosphates of the nucleoside

Question 35

What is the most important substrate used in purine biosynthesis? What part of pyrimidine synthesis is it required for?

Answer 35

FOLATE Thymine synthesis

Question 36

What is uric acid made from? What is the enzyme?

Answer 36

Xanthine Xanthine oxidase

Question 37

T/F: New DNA is formed in a 5'-3' direction.

Answer 37

T

Question 38

What connects the DNA pieces and what are they called?

Answer 38

DNA ligase Okazaki fragments

Question 39

What is the job of tRNA?

Answer 39

Brings in amino acids and translate mRNA into a protein.

Question 40

Name the karyotype abnormality: XXY, hypogonadic, gynecomastia XO - menopause before mearche, "streak ovaries" 47 chromosomes

Answer 40

Klinefelter's syndrome Turner's syndrome Down syndrome

Question 41

How are mitochondrial DNA disorders passed down?

Answer 41

Through ova because they carry the mitochondria.