Challenges of an Urbanising World - Mumbai

Question 1

Site and Situation

Answer 1

• Lies on an island
• By deep water estuary-
  Port has grown around it and it’s India’s largest container port
• Most of the city is low lying- just above sea level
• Tropical region

Question 2

National and International Connections

Answer 2

• Mumbai’s location makes it closer to Europe (via the Suez canal) - allows easy exportation of goods to Europe
• International airport handles 32 million passengers
• Has flights to Singapore, Dubai and the UK as well as other places

Question 3

Structure

Answer 3

• CBD is near the island tip as the city is build around a harbour
• Most industrial areas found in Navi Mumbai where land is cheaper
• Squatter shacks on the outskirts of the city
• Wealthy suburbs are along the harbour

Question 4

Population Growth

Answer 4

• 16 million in 2015, 20.9 million in 2022
• 3% increase per year
• Expected to be one of the world’s largest cities by 2050

Question 5

Spatial Growth

Answer 5

• Increased from 37km^2 to 370km^2 to 603km^2 including conurbations and the metropolitan district
• Development of new districts: Navi Mumbai - built on mainland

Question 6

Reasons for population growth

Answer 6

Rural to Urban Migration:
- Maharashtra receives the most migrants as it has the most employment
- Better job, and education, higher income, more entertainment

Natural Increase
- Most migrants are quite young (20s to 30s)
- They settle and start families - natural increase
- Natural increase of 1.4% per year

Question 7

Challenges in Mumbai

Answer 7

Tax:
- Few tax collectors so tax income is little. Services can’t be provided for population
Housing shortages:
- Many live in slums that are unsanitary and overcrowded
Water Supply:
- Water can run for up to 30 mins a day in some places and is polluted
Traffic:
- Transport is overcrowded due to lack of investment