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BIO 221 01 > CH_14_Meiosis > Flashcards

CH_14_Meiosis Flashcards

To learn and retain information from Meiosis from the course Cell Biology

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1
Q

How is meiosis like mitosis?

A

They both precede replication of chromosomes

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2
Q

What consecutive cell divisions does meiosis take place in?

A

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

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3
Q

How many daughter cells are after meiosis?

A

4

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do the daughter cells have after completing meiosis?

A

Half as many as the parent

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5
Q

What are the stages of Meiosis?

A

Interphase, Meiosis I and Meiosis II

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6
Q

What happens during Interphase of Meiosis?

A

Chromosomes duplicate

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7
Q

What happens during Meiosis I of Meiosis?

A

Separation of homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

What happens during Meiosis II of Meiosis?

A

Separation of sister chromatids

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9
Q

What happens during Prophase I?

A

Synapsis and crossing over

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10
Q

What do homologous chromosomes do during prophase I?

A

They physically connect and exchange genetic information

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11
Q

What do synapsed chromosomes do?

A

They form a bivalent or tetrad

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12
Q

What are chiasmata?

A

The remaining points of attachment between homologous chromosomes where crossing over took place

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13
Q

What are the phases of meiosis I?

A

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I and Cytokinesis

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14
Q

What happens to the pairs of homologs during Metaphase I?

A

They line up at the metaphase plate, with one chromosome facing each pole

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15
Q

What happens to the microtubules during Metaphase I?

A

Microtubules from one pole are attached to the kinetochore of one chromosome of each tetrad

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16
Q

What happens to the microtubules from the other pole during Metaphase I?

A

They are attached to kinetochore of the other chromosome

17
Q

What happens to homologous chromosome during Anaphase I?

A

They separate

18
Q

What happens to sister chromatids during Anaphase I?

A

They remain attached at the centromere and move as one unit toward the pole

19
Q

What happens after Telophase I and cytokinesis?

A

Each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes; each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids

20
Q

When does Cytokinesis occur during Meiosis I?

A

Cytokinesis usually occurs simultaneously, forming two haploid daughter cells

21
Q

What are the Phases of Meiosis II?

A

Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II and cytokinesis

22
Q

What is Meiosis II similar to?

A

Mitosis

23
Q

What happens during Prophase II?

A

A spindle apparatus forms

24
Q

Where are the sister chromatids in Metaphase II?

A

They are arranged at the metaphase plate

25
Q

Why aren’t the two sister chromatids genetically identical?

A

Crossing over in Meiosis I

26
Q

What do the kinetochores do in Meiosis II?

A

The kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to microtubules extending from opposite poles

27
Q

What happens during Anaphase II?

A

The sister chromatids separate

The sister chromatids of each chromosome now move as two newly individual chromosomes toward opposite poles

28
Q

What happens during Telophase II and cytokinesis?

A

The chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, nuclei form and the chromosomes begin decondensing, and cytokinesis separates the cytoplasm

29
Q

What does Mitosis do in regards to chromosomes sets?

A

It conserves the number of chromosomes sets, producing cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

30
Q

What does Meiosis do in regards to chromosomes sets?

A

Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes sets from two (diploid) to one (haploid), producing cells that differ genetically from each other and from the parent cell

31
Q

What three events are unique to meiosis?

A

Synapsis and crossing over

Homologous pairs at the metaphase plate

Separation of homologs

32
Q

What is Meiosis I called?

A

The reductional division because it reduces the number of chromosomes per cell

BIO 221 01 (11 decks)

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