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BIO 221 01 > Cell Bio Final_Exam 3_2019 > Flashcards

Cell Bio Final_Exam 3_2019 Flashcards

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1
Q

The building blocks of a nucleotide are_____.
A) a pentose sugar and a phosphate group
B) A pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base
C) a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
D) a pentose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
E) a pentose sugar, a phosphate and an amino acid

A

D: a pentose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

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2
Q
  1. The information encoded in DNA resides in _____.
    A) phosphates in the backbone
    B) Sugars in the backbone
    C) the DNA base sequence
    D) the sugars and phosphate groups together
    E) the phosphodiester linkages
A

C: the DNA base sequence

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3
Q 
A single gene can encode a number of related proteins as a result of a process called \_\_\_\_.
A) alternative splicing
B) gene expression
C) Polymorphism
D) Alternative addition
E) Alternative expression
A

A: alternative splicing

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4
Q

Single-stranded DNA molecules are capable of reassociating with correct base pairing when
temperature decreased gradually. This property is referred as ______
A) DNA separation
B) DNA denaturation
C) DNA reannealing
D) DNA reassociaition
E) DNA isolation

A

C: DNA re-annealing

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5
Q 
5. What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNAs in the eukaryotic organisms?
A) RNA polymerase I
B) RNA polymerase II
C) RNA polymerase III
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase II
A

B: RNA polymerase II

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6
Q 
6. There is only one factor possess enzymatic activity is the pre initiation complex for RNA
polymerase II. This factor is \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) TFIIA
B) TFIIB
C) TFIID
D) TFIIF
E) TFIIH
A

E: TFIIH

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7
Q 
7. A mature mRNA is composed of all of the following segments except for\_\_\_\_\_\_
A) 5’-cap
B) 5’ and 3’ - untranslated region
C) Exons
D) Introns
E) Poly A tail
A

D: Introns

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8
Q

A tRNA has an anticodon with the sequence 5’-CAU-3’. What would be the sequence of the
complementary codon according to the normal base pair rule?
A) 3’-UAC-5’
B) 3’-AUG-5’
C) 5’-AUG-3’
D) 5’-AUC-3’
E) 5’-ATG-3’

A

C: 5’- AUG-3’

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9
Q

What is the significance of the variability of the third nucleotide in a codon?
A) Each tRNA can recognize and bind its own codon.
B) Each tRNA can recognize and bind its own amino acid.
C) The same tRNA can recognize more than one codon.
D) The same tRNA can recognize more than one anticodon,
E) The same anticodon can recognize more than one amino acid.

A

C: The same tRNA can recognize more than one codon

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10
Q 
What enzyme is responsible for the activation of amino acids?
A) Peptidyltransferase
B) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
C) Glutamine synthetase
D) RNA polymerase
E) ATP synthase
A

B: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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11
Q

Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis?
A) All of the various tRNAs with their attached amino acids
B) Ribosomes
C) mRNA
D) General transcription factors
E) GTP

A

D: General transcription factors

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12
Q 
The amino acid bound to the A site tRNA linked to carboxyl carbon of the amino acid bound
to the P site tRNA through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A) Hydrogen bond
B) Peptidyl bond
C) Non-covalent bound
D) van der Waals forces
E) Ion bond
A

B: Peptidyl bond

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13
Q 
The specific site on the bacterial chromosome at which replication begins is called the \_\_\_\_.
A) beginning
B) origin
C) Initiation site
D) Initiator
E) replicon
A

B: origin

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14
Q 
Replication moves outward from the origin in \_\_\_\_\_\_ direction(s) and is said to be \_\_\_\_\_.
A) both, unidirectional
B) both, bidirectional
C) One, bidirectional
D) Unique, unidirectional
E) One, unidirectional
A

B: both, bidirectional

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15
Q

Which of the following DNA molecules could serve as an effective template for DNA
synthesis?
1) an intact, linear, double-stranded DNA
2) a single-strafed, circular DNA
3) a partially double-stranded DNA
4) an intact, linear single stranded DNA

A

C: 3

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16
Q 
All DNA polymerases lay down nucleotides in a \_\_\_\_\_ direction and move along the
template in a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ direction.
A) 3’-5’, 5’-3’
B) N - C, C - N
C) 5’ - 3’, 3’ - 5’
D) C - N, N - C
E) N - C, 5’ -3’
A

C: 5’-3’,3’-5’

17
Q

The DNA strand growing toward the replication fork grows ____in a 5’ - 3’ direction as the
replication fork advances and is called the
A) continuously, leading strand
B) Discontinuously, lagging strand
C) Continually, lagging strand
D) Discontinuously, leading strand
E) Steadfastly, forthright strand

A

A: continuously, leading strand

18
Q

Which of the following may be a further advantage for using RNA primers during initiation of
a strand in replication ?
A) Using primers may decrease mistakes; such errors as mismatched bases are more likely
during initiation than elongation, and the use of a short, removable RNA segment avoids
inclusion of mismatched bases.
B) Using primers if faster.
C) The RNA of the primers is more stable.
D) The RNA of the primers is more likely to lead to changes in base sequence, which enhances
the rat of mutation and thus evolution
E) The RNA of the primers allows more efficient packing of the chromosomes after its removal.

A

A: Using primers may decrease mistakes; such errors as mismatched bases are more likely
during initiation than elongation, and the use of a short, removable RNA segment avoids
inclusion of mismatched bases

19
Q

What is the function the 5’ - 3’ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I?
A) It removes mismatched nucleotides that have been incorporated by mistake
B) It replaces mismatch nucleotides with the correctly matched nucleotides
C) It removes the DNA primer laid down by the primase at the 5’ end of the Okazaki fragment.
D) It removes the RNA primer laid down by the at the 5’ end of the Okazaki fragment
E) It nicks DNA to create a primer in the middle of a DNA chain.

A

D: It removes the RNA primer laid down by the 5’ end of the Okazaki fragment

20
Q

What is the advantage of transcription - coupled repair?
A) It allows the cell to do two things at once.
B) It ensures that the genes of least importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the
repair list.
C) It ensures that the genes of greatest importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the
repair list.
D) It repairs noncoding sequences preferentially.
E) It is the most accurate method of repair.

A

C: It ensures that the genes of greatest importance to the cell receive the highest priority on the
repair list.

21
Q

What must the mismatched repair system be able to distinguish in order to tell which
nucleotide of a mismatch pair to replace?
1) It must be able to distinguish the newly-made strand from the parental strand
2) In must be able to distinguish which chain possesses the newest phosphate groups.
3) In must be able to distinguish which chain contains the ribose sugar
4) It must be able to distinguish which chain contains the oldest phosphate groups

A

C: 3

22
Q 
A double- stranded breakage repair pathway that requires the presence of a second
chromosome carrying the same sequence of genes as the damaged chromosome is called
\_\_\_\_\_.
A) non homologous end joining repair
B) Homologous recombination
C) NHEJ
D) DNA methylation repair
E) Non homologous recombination
A

B: Homologous recombination

23
Q

Place the steps in base excision repair in the correct order.
1) Damaged base is removed by cleavage of glycoside linage attaching it to deoxyribose of
backbone.
2) Baseless deoxyribose phosphate remains in the site is excised by a specialized (AP)
endonuclease and a DNA polymerase
3) DNA glycosylase recognizes the alteration in DNA.
4) The strand is sealed by DNA ligase III.
5) Gap is filled by DNA polymerase I; it inserts a nucleotide complementary to the undamaged
strand.

A

E: 3-1-2-5-4

24
Q

What is the proper order of the steps involved in nucleotide excision repair?
1) Release of the damaged DNA segment between the incisions
2) Sealing of strand by DNA ligase
3) Lesion recognition
4) Separation of the duplex’s two strands in the region of the lesion in preparation for its
removal.
5) Filling of gap by DNA polymerase
6) Cutting of the damaged strand on both sides of lesion by endonuclease

A

A: 3-4-6-1-5-2

25
Q 
What is responsible for joining eukaryotic Okazaki fragments together?
A) DNA ligase
B) DNA polymerase I
C) DNA polymerase II
D) DNA polymerase III
E) Helicase
A

A: DNA ligase

26
Q

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity stays high through mitosis after rising prior to DNA
synthesis. Who of the following results from its elevated activity?
A) Chromosomes decondense
B) It suppresses the formation of new pre replication complexes.
C) It enhances the formation of new pre replication complexes
D) It enlarges the histones by removing their phosphate groups
E) It shrinks the histones by binding amino groups to them.

A

B: It suppresses the formation of new pre replication complexes

27
Q

What happens simultaneous with the removal of RNA primer by the 5’ - 3’ exonuclease
activity of DNA polymerase I ?
1)The DNA double helix is unwound
2)The gap left by the removal of the RNA primer is filled with deoxyribonucleotides.
3)The gap left by the removal of the RNA primer is filled in with ribonucleotides
4)DNA is supercoiled extensively

A

B: 2

28
Q

What is the name of the noncatlytic component of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme that
keeps the polymerases associated with the DNA template?
A) 𝛽 - pleated sheets
B) 𝞪 helix
C) 𝞪 clamp
D) 𝞫 clamp
E) 𝞬 clamp

A

D: 𝞫 clamp

29
Q

Which DNA polymerase in bacteria is mostly involved in DNA repair to correct
damaged DNA sections and removes RNA primers the 5’ ends of Okazaki fragments,
replacing them with DNA?
A) DNA polymerase I
B) DNA polymerase II
C) DNA polymerase III
D) DNA polymerase IV
E) Both DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III

A

A: DNA polymerase I

30
Q 
DNA sequence in bacteria that on rare occasions moved from one place in the
genome to another are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) movers
B) Jumpons
C) Transposons
D) Transpodons
E) jumposons
A

C: Transposons

BIO 221 01 (11 decks)

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