Ch.9.5

Question 1

There are __________ _________ of acids and alkalis. According to their ___________________, they can classified into _______________________________________________________________________________________________.

Answer 1

many kinds, strengths, strong acids, weak acids, strong alkalis, weak alkalis

Question 2

Compare strong acids/ strong alkalis to weak acids/ weak alkalis in general.

Answer 2

Strong acids are more corrosive than weak acids; strong alkalis are more corrosive than weak alkalis.

Question 3

Name three examples of strong acids.

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid

Question 4

Name three examples of weak acids.

Answer 4

Citric acid, ethanoic acid, carbonic acid

Question 5

Name two examples of strong alkalis.

Answer 5

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide

Question 6

Name one example of weak alkalis.

Answer 6

Ammonia solution.

Question 7

Strong acids can ____________________________________________. If the strong acids are _______________________________, they are more corrosive, and the ___________________________.

Answer 7

corrode metal, skin and flesh, in concentrated form, damage will be more serious

Question 8

Like strong acids, when strong alkalis are ___________________________________, they are also ______________________________________________. They can ______________________________________________________.

Answer 8

in concentrated form, highly corrosive and dangerous, cause severe damage to skin and flesh

Question 9

Before using household cleaners that contain acids and alkalis, we should ______________________________________________________.

Answer 9

read the precautions on the containers

Question 10

When using the household cleaners, we should _________________________________________________ because ___________________________________________________________________________.

Answer 10

use them in well ventilated areas, the acidic or alkaline vapour can irritate or corrode our respiratory track, skin and eyes

Question 11

______________________________________ can be extremely dangerous, eg, if a glass cleaner is mixed with bleach, they may ___________________________________. We should _____________________________________.

Answer 11

Mixing household cleaners, produce toxic vapours, never mix household cleaners

Question 12

Some household cleaners containing acids or alkalis are sold in ___________________________. These cleaners should be ___________________________.

Answer 12

concentrated form, diluted before use

Question 13

How can we dilute concentrated acids or alkalis?

Answer 13

We mix them with water.

Question 14

When concentrated acids or alkalis are mixed with water, ____________________________________________. This can cause ______________________________________________________.

Answer 14

a large amount of heat is released, splashing out of the acids or alkalis

Question 15

When we dilute concentrated household cleaners, we should ____________________________________________ and ____________________________________________________.

Answer 15

take safety precautions, closely follow the proper diluting procedure

Question 16

What are the four do’s in the proper procedure for diluting concentrated acids and alkalis?
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Answer 16

—Dilute the acid or alkali in a well ventilated area
—Wear safety goggles and gloves
—Add concentrated acid or alkali slowly to a large amount of water
—Stir the solution continuously and slowly as you add the acid or alkali

Question 17

What are the three don’t’s in the proper procedure for diluting concentrated acids and alkalis?
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Answer 17

—NEVER add water to concentrated acids or alkalis
—NEVER dilute the acid or alkali with bare hands
—NEVER inhale acidic or alkaline vapour from the acid or alkali

Question 18

There are many ___________________________ when handling household cleaners containing acids and alkalis.

Answer 18

potential dangers