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Science S2 > Ch.9.1 > Flashcards

Ch.9.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Please name the 10 examples of acids in the food, drink and seasoning category.

A

tea, yoghurt, milk, vinegar, ketchup, soft drinks, spinach, grapes, apples, citrus fruits

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2
Q

What is the acid in tea?

A

Tannic acid.

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3
Q

What is the acid in yoghurt/ milk?

A

Lactic acid.

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4
Q

What is the acid in vinegar/ ketchup?

A

Ethanoic acid.

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5
Q

What is the acid in soft drinks?

A

Carbonic acid.

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6
Q

What is the acid in spinach?

A

Oxalic acid.

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7
Q

What is the acid in citrus fruits?

A

Citric acid.

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8
Q

Name the 4 examples of acids in the personal care product, household cleaner and drug category.

A

body lotion, hair conditioner, toilet cleaner and aspirin.

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9
Q

What is the acid in toilet cleaner?

A

Hydrochloric acid.

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10
Q

Name 1 acid in the more acids category.

A

Gastric juice.

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11
Q

What is the acid in gastric juice?

A

Hydrochloric acid.

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12
Q

Name the 3 common acids found in school laboratories, and their properties.

A

Hydrochloric acid (corrosive), sulphuric acid (corrosive), nitric acid (corrosive and flammable).

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13
Q

Acids share some common properties, eg:

  • acids have
  • acidic solutions
  • acids react
  • acids react
  • acids react
A
  • a sour taste; however, never taste any acid used in the laboratory
  • can conduct electricity
  • with alkalis to give salt and water—“neutralisation”
  • with carbonate to give salt, carbon dioxide and water
  • with many materials, eg metals, which gives salt and hydrogen gas
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14
Q 
What are the five common uses of acids?
-
-
-
-
-
A
  • as preservatives
  • removing stains
  • making industrial chemicals
  • food processing
  • prevent the browning of fruit
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15
Q

How do acids act as preservatives?

A
  • fresh food may go bad in a few days due to the action of microorganisms.
  • most microorganisms cannot grow or reproduce in acidic conditions. acids may even kill them.
  • therefore, food can be preserved by soaking them in acids.
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16
Q

Which acid can act as a preservative? What can it do?

A

Ethanoic acid; it can preserve cucumber and scallion

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17
Q

How do acids act as stain removers?

A

Acids can be used as cleaning agents.

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18
Q

Which acid can act as a stain remover? What can it do? Where are they found?

A

Hydrochloric acid; it can remove stains in toilet bowls; it is commonly found in toilet cleaners

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19
Q

Which acid is used in making industrial chemicals? What can it do?

A

Sulphuric acid; it is used in making fertilisers, dyes and paints.

20
Q

Give an example of using acids in food processing.

A

They can speed up the fermentation process of milk to produce cheese.

21
Q

Name the 7 examples of alkalis in the daily household product category.

A

toothpaste, glass cleaner, drain cleaner, oven/ kitchen cleaner, soap, baking soda, alkaline batteries

22
Q

What is the alkaline found in glass cleaner?

A

Ammonia.

23
Q

What is the alkaline found in drain cleaners and oven/ kitchen cleaners?

A

Sodium hydroxide.

24
Q

What is the alkaline found in baking soda?

A

Sodium hydrogencarbonate.

25
Q

What is the alkaline found in alkaline batteries?

A

Potassium hydroxide.

26
Q

Name the 3 common examples of alkalis found in school laboratories, and their properties.

A

Sodium hydroxide (corrosive), ammonia solution (corrosive) and calcium hydroxide (limewater)

27
Q

Name the four properties of alkalis.

  • alkalis usually
  • alkalis have
  • alkaline solutions
  • alkalis react
A
  • have a bitter taste; however, never taste any alkalis used in the laboratory
  • a slippery feel
  • can conduct electricity
  • with acids to give salt and water “neutralisation”
28
Q

-
-

A
  • removing grease
  • making industrial chemicals
  • food processing
29
Q

Give 2 examples of alkalis used as cleaning agents, name where are they found and what can they do.

A

Ammonia in kitchen cleaners/ glass cleaners; they can remove grease from stoves and windows.
Sodium hydroxide in drain cleaners; the hot alkaline solution can remove substances like grease or hair that block the drain.

30
Q

Explain how the alkaline in drain cleaners work.

A

When the alkaline is dissolved in water, a large amount of heat is released, removing substances like grease or hair that block the drain.

31
Q

Give an example of alkalis used in making industrial chemicals, and name what do can do.

A

Potassium hydroxide; they are used in making alkaline batteries.

32
Q

Give an example of using alkaline in food processing.

A

They can be used in making century eggs (preserved eggs).

33
Q

Why should we take safety precautions when handling acids and alkalis used in the school laboratory?

A

This is because many of them are corrosive; they can burn our skin and eyes.

34
Q 
What are the four do’s in handling acids and alkalis safely?
1.
2 a)
2 b)
3.
4.
A
  1. Read the hazard warning labels on the reagent bottles
    2 a) Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes
    2 b) Wear gloves, as needed, to avoid direct contact with acids and alkalis
  2. Pour the acidic or alkaline wastes into appropriate waste bottles
  3. Wash your hands thoroughly after the experiments
35
Q

What are the two don’ts in handling acids and alkalis safely?
1.
2.

A
  1. NEVER tαste the αcids or αlkαlis used in the laborαtory

2. Do not mix αcids or αlkαlis with other chemicαls without teαcher’s permission

36
Q

Once an accident involving acids or alkalis occurs, what should we do? (steps 1-2)
1.
2.

A
  1. keep calm

2. report it to our teacher immediately

37
Q

If an accident involving acids or alkalis coming in contact with our skin happens, what should we do?

A

Wash the affected area under slow running water for at least 10 minutes.

38
Q

If an accident involving acids or alkalis coming in contact with our clothes happens, what should we do?

A

Carefully remove any contaminated clothing and avoid making contact with the chemical.

39
Q

If an accident involving acids or alkalis coming in contact with our eyes happens, what should we do?

A

Wash it with the eye wash bottle immediately for at least 10 minutes.

40
Q

If an accident involving acids or alkalis causes serious injuries, what should we do?

A

Call an ambulance; keep washing the affected area until the ambulance arrives. Take a sample of the acid or alkali to the hospital for reference.

41
Q

Describe how acids can be used to prevent the browning of fruit.

A

—The browning process is speeded up by some enzymes inside the fruit
—However, the enzymes stop working in conditions of high acidity
—Therefore, we can use lemon juice or vinegar to prevent the browning of fruit

42
Q

Why do alkalis have a slippery feel? Is it the alkali that is slippery?

A

This is because they react with the grease on the skin to form soap. This is called saponification. No.

43
Q

What is the difference between alkalis and bases?

A

Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.

44
Q

Why is concentrated nitric acid usually kept in a brown reagent bottle?

A

This is because it is easily decomposed by light.

45
Q

What is the alkali found in baking soda?

A

Sodium hydrogencarbonate.

46
Q

What is the alkali found in toothpaste?

A

Magnesium hydroxide.

47
Q

Why is limewater sometimes slightly milky?

A

This is due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide in it.

Science S2 (22 decks)

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