Ch.7.6

Question 1

What do human activities cause?

Answer 1

1. The disruption of the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in Nature.
2. The release of harmful substances to the air, leading to poor air quality.

Question 2

Burning fossil fuels in ______________________, _________________ and __________________ release a ____________________________________, such as ______________________, ________________________, _________________ and _________________________.

Answer 2

power stations, factories, vehicles, large amount of air pollutants, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, suspended particulates.

Question 3

What are the harmful effects of carbon monoxide to our health?

Answer 3

• reduces oxygen content in blood

- causes headaches, fainting and even death

Question 4

What are the harmful effects of sulphur dioxide to our health?

Answer 4

-causes irritation to our breathing system and eyes

Question 5

Where does sulphur dioxide come from?

Answer 5

Low quality coal and power stations.

Question 6

What are the harmful effects of nitrogen oxides to our health?

Answer 6

-cause irritation to our breathing system and eyes

Question 7

What are the harmful effects of suspended particulates to our health?

Answer 7

• causes respiratory diseases (eg bronchitis and asthma)
• causes lung diseases
• causes respiratory problems (eg coughing and wheezing)
• visibility decreases

Question 8

What is the full name of the AQHI?

Answer 8

The Air Quality Health Index

Question 9

The AQHI is a way to:
—inform
—help

Answer 9

the public of the short-term health risks of air pollution

the public take measures to protect their health

Question 10

What is the AQHI based on?

Answer 10

the measurement of certain air pollutants at air quality monitoring stations.

Question 11

Which department is responsible for setting up air quality monitoring stations in different districts?

Answer 11

The environmental protection department (EPD).

Question 12

The AQHI is reported on a scale of ____ to ____ and _______, and grouped into ________________________________________________.

Answer 12

1-10, 10+, five health risk categories

Question 13

What are the actions required for the first health risk category of the AQHI? What levels does this category include?

Answer 13

No action is needed, 1-3

Question 14

What are the actions required for the second health risk category of the AQHI? What levels does this category include?

Answer 14

No action is needed, 4-6

Question 15

What are the actions required for the third health risk category of the AQHI? What levels does this category include?

Answer 15

People sensitive to air pollution: Should reduce outdoor activities and the time of staying outdoors.
Outdoor workers/ general pubic: No action is needed
7

Question 16

What are the actions required for the fourth health risk category of the AQHI? What levels does this category include?

Answer 16

People sensitive to air pollution: should reduce outdoor activities and the time of staying outdoors to the minimum
Outdoor workers/ general public: Should reduce outdoor activities and the time of staying outdoors
8-10

Question 17

What are the actions required for the five health risk category of the AQHI? What levels does this category include?

Answer 17

People sensitive to air pollution: Should avoid outdoor activities
Outdoor workers: Should reduce outdoor activities and the time of staying outdoors
General public: should reduce outdoor activities and the time of staying outdoors to the minimum
10+

Question 18

List out the four different types of people categorised in the health advice given by EPD.

Answer 18

People with existing heart or respiratory diseases, children and elderly, outdoor workers, general public

Question 19

The EPD:
—reports the ________________________ in different districts every _____________
—also provides _______________________ for the __________ day

Answer 19

real-time AQHI, hour

AQHI forecasts, next

Question 20

Why does the EPD report the AQHI?

Answer 20

This alerts the public, especially children, the elderly and those with heart or respiratory diseases, to take the corresponding health advices.

Question 21

The ___________ the index of the AQHI, the ____________ the air quality.

Answer 21

higher, poorer

Question 22

where does carbon monoxide come from?

Answer 22

vehicles.

Question 23

where do nitrogen oxides come from?

Answer 23

vehicles.

Question 24

where do suspended particulates come from?

Answer 24

vehicles and factories.

Question 25

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can ___________________________________________.

Answer 25

dissolve in water to form acid rain.