Ch.10.7

Question 1

We use our sense organs to _________________________________________________. However, sense organs cannot ______________________________________________. They are only responsible for ______________________________________________ and ______________________________________________.

Answer 1

detect stimuli in the environment, produce senses on their own, detecting the stimuli, sending signals to the brain

Question 2

The brain acts as a ______________________:: it ______________________ and ______________________ the signals received from ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ and ______________________ ______________________.

Answer 2

coordinator, integrates, interprets, different sense organs, produces senses

Question 3

What is the brain’s process of making a response?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 3

1. Sense organs detect stimuli and send signals to the brain through nerves
2. The brain:
   - integrates and interprets signals from sense organs
   - produces senses decides on actions
3. The brain sends signals to muscles through nerves
4. The muscles make a response

Question 4

After __________________ are detected by the _______________________________________, it takes time for the brain to ______________________________________, _______________________________________ and then _______________________________________ to make a response. The time between ________________________________________________________ is the reaction time.

Answer 4

stimuli, sensory cells of the sense organs, receive signals from the sense organs, interpret the signals, send signals to the muscles, detecting a stimulus and making a response

Question 5

Different people have _______________________ reaction times. Reaction times can be improved ______________________.

Answer 5

different, with practice

Question 6

The human brain is a __________________ organ. It contains over ______ _____________ nerve cells. Nerve cells have _________________________________ that ____________________________________________. ____________________________________________ through these extensions.

Answer 6

complex, 10 billion, long extensions, connect to each other, Signals are sent from cell to cell

Question 7

Name the three parts of the brain and their functions.

Answer 7

Cerebrum — integrates and interprets the signals from sense organs
—sends signals to the muscles to make responses
—responsible for intelligence, memory and thinking
Cerebellum — coordinates muscles to produce body movements
—maintains body balance
Medulla — controls basic life functions such as heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure

Question 8

In what situation does is an illusion resulted in?

Answer 8

When our brain interprets signals incorrectly.

Question 9

The coordination between our ______________________, our _________________ and our ____________________ is important. It allows us to __________________________ and ____________________________________________. However, some substances such as ___________________, ________________ and ______________________ can affect this coordination.

Answer 9

sense organs, brain, muscles, detect stimuli, make appropriate responses, alcohol, drugs, organic solvents

Question 10

Abusing substances that affect our coordination has ____________________________ on our health and may even _____________________________.

Answer 10

harmful effects, lead to death

Question 11

Name three drinks that include alcohol.

Answer 11

Beer, wine and spirits.

Question 12

Even a small amount of alcohol can _______________________________________________________, therefore __________________________________________________________________.

Answer 12

affect the normal function of our brain, affecting our judgements and responses

Question 13

Harmful effects of drinking alcohol:

• slows
• affects
• leads
• causes
• causes
• long
• drinking

Answer 13

• slows down our responses to stimuli (longer reaction time)
• affects our judgement and memory
• leads to blurred vision and unclear speech
• causes addiction
• causes difficulty with body coordination
• long term drinking can damage brain and liver
• drinking a large amount in a short time can lead to unconsciousness and even death

Question 14

Drugs are _________________________________ that can __________________________________________________.

Answer 14

chemical substances, affect our body functions

Question 15

Some drugs can be used for ___________________________________ when they are used properly. However, some people use drugs in an ________________ way for ________________________________. This is called ______________________.

Answer 15

treating diseases, incorrect, non-medical purposes, drug abuse

Question 16

Drug abuse is __________________ to our health. Even a _____________________________ can affect the _____________________________ of the body. Give an example.

Answer 16

harmful, small amount of drugs, normal function of the body

abusing cough medicine instead of using it to suppress coughs can cause respiratory problems and brain damage

Question 17

Some people even take ______________________ drugs. These chemical substances are _______________________________ to the body. They ____________________________________________ and may ____________________________.

Answer 17

illegal, extremely harmful, damage many organs, lead to death

Question 18

Give six examples of illegal drugs.

Answer 18

Cocaine (coke), cannabis (weed), methylamphetamine (ice/ meth), heroin, MDMA (ecstasy), ketamine (K)

Question 19

Harmful effects of drug abuse to our brain:
-
-
-
-
-

Answer 19

addiction
hallucination
poor judgement and memory
slow reaction
sleep problems

Question 20

Harmful effects of drug abuse to our vision:

-

Answer 20

blurred vision

Question 21

Harmful effects of drug abuse to our skin:

-

Answer 21

sores

Question 22

Harmful effects of drug abuse to our appetite:

-

Answer 22

loss of appetite can lead to malnutrition

Question 23

Harmful effects of drug abuse to our organs:

-

Answer 23

permanent damage to heart, lungs, liver and kidneys

Question 24

Harmful effects of drug abuse to our body coordination:

-

Answer 24

uncontrolled shaking of head and limbs

Answer 25

sharing needles may result in AIDS and other infectious diseases

Question 26

-

Answer 26

frequent and painful urination

unable to control urination

Question 27

Some people take drugs because they wrongly believe that taking drugs can _____________________________________________________, or because of __________________________. However, there is _______________________________________________________.

Answer 27

give them relief from boredom and stress, peer pressure, no excuse for anyone to take drugs

Question 28

Drugs cannot help us __________________________ in life. Instead, taking drugs is ____________________ and often ____________________________________________________ and ________________________. If you are having any troubles or difficulties, _____________________________________________________________. They are all __________________________.

Answer 28

solve our problems, addictive, causes serious problems in our family, school, social life, talk to your parents, teachers or social workers, willing to help

Question 29

Besides alcohol and drugs, some people also abuse __________________________ such as _________________ by _____________________________.

Answer 29

organic solvents, thinner, inhaling the vapour

Question 30

Inhaling organic solvents is ____________________ and __________________________. When inhaled, the chemical in the solvents ____________________________________________________. When these chemicals reach the brain, they ________________________________________________.

Answer 30

addictive, very dangerous , enter the blood through the lungs and are quickly transported around the body, affect our senses and judgement

Question 31

People who inhale organic solvents may become __________________ and ___________________, and ____________________________________________________. The chemicals may also _____________________________________________ including the __________________________ and ____________. The damage can be _________________ and may even __________________________.

Answer 31

excited, violets, may hurt themselves and others, damage many organs, brain, lungs, heart, permanent, lead to death

Question 32

__________________________, __________________________ and ________________________________________ can affect our senses. They _______________________________ and may even __________________________.

Answer 32

Drinking alcohol, abusing drugs, inhaling organic solvents, cause harm to our bodies, lead to death