Ch.9: Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Glycolysis Process:

A
glucose converted into  two 3-carbon Pyruvate molecules
ten step enzymatic reaction
produce 2 ATP & 2NADH
occurs in the cytosol
NO OXYGEN REQUIRED
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2
Q

Where does the oxidation of pyruvate occur?

A

intermembrance space of the mitochondria

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3
Q

What is formed in the oxidation of pyruvate

A

2 NADH and Acetyl CoA

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4
Q

Kreb’s Cycle Process:

A

Oxidation of Acetyl CoA
occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
carbon is lost as CO2
Acetyl CoA condenses with 4-carbon acid (oxaloacetic acid)

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5
Q

What is produced in the Kreb Cycle

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

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6
Q

Electron Transport Chain Process:

A

NADH & FADH donate their electrons, and are shuttled down the electron chain gradient (movement of e activate proton pumps)
Accept and release electrons in DOWNHILL fashion (energy is released)
Energy is used to transport H+ into the inner-membrane space. Creates a H+ gradient
H+ gradient activates ATP SYNTHASE, which synthesizes proteins.

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7
Q

_________ serves as a final electron acceptor

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

_________ is produced as hydrogen ions and oxygen react

A

water

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9
Q

Electron Transport chain occurs in

A

cristae membrane of the mitochondria

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10
Q

The total amount of ATP Produced:

A

36-38 ATP

2 ATP Fermentation

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11
Q

Metabolism of Lipids:

A

triglycerides:
rich depots of metabolic energy
fatty acids are highly reduced and free of water
Fatty acids go directly to the kreb cycle

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12
Q

Metabolism of Proteins

A
Amino acids in excess of requirements for protein synthesis and other biomolecules are burned as fuel
First Modified (rid of amino group) & then the carbon skeleton can be completely oxidized through the kreb cycle.
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13
Q

Amino groups removed from plants and animals by

A

Plants: release excess ammonia to the environment
Amphibians and mammals: through urea (urine)
Birds, insects, and reptiles: Uric acid (urine&feces)

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14
Q

Proteins greatest use is

A

to rebuild muscle tissue

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15
Q

_____ _____ & _____ ____ ____ are oxygen requiring pathways

A

kreb cycle and electron transport chain

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16
Q

generating ATP without oxygen

A

Fermentation

17
Q

What 3 produce lactate

A

bacteria, animal, and fungi

18
Q

What 2 produce ethanol

A

yeast and plants