Ch.12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards
The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or
cell division
What do all organisms and cells have in common
All organisms are composed of cells
Cells reproduce themselves
division of one cell reproduces the entire organism
unicellular organisms
Multicellular organisms depend on cell division for:
Development
Growth/Repair
Asexual reproduction
the division of the nucleus
mitosis
the division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
What must be divided perfectly during mitosis, and Why?
chromosomes, so that it resembles the parent cell perfectly
All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s _________; can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a number of DNA molecules (common in eukaryotic cells)
genome
(body cells) have two sets of chromosomes (Diploid=2n)
Somatic Cells
(sperm and eggs) have only one set of chromosomes (Haploid=n)
Gametes
When cells are not dividing the DNA is in the form of _________; DNA and protein that are uncondensed and functional
Chromatin
In preparation for cell division, what occurs
DNA must be replicated and the chromosomes formed
Each duplicated chromosome has
two sister chromatids (must separate)
The __________ is the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached
centromere
The cell cycle consists of
Mitotic phase (mitosis & cytokinesis) Interphase (cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division)