Ch.10: Photosynthesis Flashcards
is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
Directly or indirectly, XXXXX nourishes almost the entire living world
photosynthesis
The energy that maintains almost all life on Earth comes from
the sun
Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis
Reactants: Carbon dioxide &water
Products: Sugar, Water, & Oxygen
Characteristics of Autotrophs
sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
PRODUCERS: producing organic molecules from CO2 &other inorganic molecule
Almost all plants are ____________, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2
photoautotrophs
the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation
electromagnetic spectrum
consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see
visible light
What color light does not get absorbed by photosynthesis
green
Wavelength and Energy correlation
longer wavelength = low energy
shorter wavelength = high energy
is the main photosynthetic pigment
chlorophyll
Accessory pigments, such as __________, broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis
chlorophyll b
Accessory pigments called _________ absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
carotenoids
Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplast
are the major locations of photosynthesis, contain the majority of chloroplast
leaves
Chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of the ________, the interior tissue of the leaf
mesophyll
true or false. Only leaves contain chloroplast
False. Green stems also contain some chloroplasts
Photosynthesis consists of the _______ _____ (the photo part) and ______ _______ (the synthesis part)
light reactions & Calvin cycle
The light reactions (in the thylakoids) include:
Split H2O
Release O2
Reduce NADP+ to NADPH
Generate ATP from ADP
The Calvin cycle: (C3 Pathway
Carbon-Fixation Reactions ATP and NADPH from light reactions are used to synthesize sugars Carbon from CO2 is used Enters through stomata Occurs in the stroma
Antenna Complex:
Contains 250-400 pigment molecules
Gather and funnel light energy to a Reaction Center
Allows for light energy to be converted to chemical energy
Under hot, arid conditions, leaves lose water by evaporation through openings in the leaves called
Stomata
To prevent excessive water loss what occurs in the stomata
Stomata will close to conserve water, but Carbon dioxide can not enter.
Define C4 Plants
Do use Calvin cycle but are capable of storing carbon in a 4-C organic molecule
Cycles are separated into different cells
Carbon is pumped into Calvin cycle
More energy is required to fix carbon
Less water is lost to photorespiration
Characteristics and example of C4 plants
Evolved in the tropics, Adapted to high light, High temps, Arid climates
Many grasses:Maize,Sugarcane,Sorghum
CAM Photosynthesis
Crassulacean acid metabolism
These plants use C4 and Calvin cycle
Reactions are separated in time not location
Stomata are only open at night when temps. are cooler.
Succulents
Cacti
________ made in the chloroplasts supplies chemical energy and carbon skeletons to synthesize the organic molecules of cells
sugar
The energy entering chloroplasts as sunlight gets ______ as chemical energy in organic compounds
stored
Plants store excess sugar as_______ in structures such as roots, tubers, seeds, and fruits
starch
