CH9: COGNITION & INTELLIGENCE Flashcards
what is the definition of cognition?
All intellectual processes through which information is obtained, transformed, stored, retrieved and used.
how is the information dealt with in the cognition?
the information is dealt with in the form of categories or concepts
what are example of cognition?
Thinking, perception, memory, learning,
problem solving, planning
what are the 3 things cognition does?
Cognition processes information
ØObtained through senses
• Cognition is active
ØTransformed through interpretive processes
• Cognition is useful
ØSurvive physically and live in a social world
what is the definition of concepts?
Categories of things, events, and qualities that are linked together by a common feature or features in spite of their differences.
what is the definition of problem solving and how do we solve problems?
- the cognitive process through which information is used to reach a goal that is blocked by some kind of obstacle
- formulate the problem (what kind of problem we face)
- evaluate the elements of the problem (what information and tools we have to work with)
- generate a list of solutions and evaluate them
what are the 2 types of creative problem solving?
Convergent and Divergent Thinking
what does Convergent thinking entail?
Logical, factual, conventional, and focused on a problem until a solution is found
ex= When you are asked to solve an algebra problem, you use your convergent thinking skills to provide the answer
what is divergent thinking?
Loosely organized,only partially directed,and
unconventional
ex= the ways you can use a brick.
what is the definition of intelligence?
The cognitive ability to understand and learn from experience, and to use this information to cope with the demands of life
what are the 3 theories of intelligence?
general intelligence, primary mental abilities and multiple intelligences
what is general intelligence and the founder?
general cognitive ability
ØSpearman: g factor
what does primary mental abilities mean and the founder?
Thurnstone
o i.e., Verbal comprehension, reasoning, perceptual speed, numerical ability
what does the multiple intelligences and the founder?
Gardner
o i.e., Musical, interpersonal, bodily/kinesthetic, visual/spatial
what does fluid intelligence mean?
ØThe ability to learn and invent new strategies with new problems
ØIndependent of acquired knowledge
ØDecreases with age
what does crystallised intelligence mean?
ØThe ability to use learn information skills to solve familiar problems ØRelies on factual, learned information stored in LTM
ØIncreases with age
what does facit intelligence mean?
• The practical knowledge and skills needed to deal with everyday problems not taught in school
ØGeneral intelligence- a predictor of the breadth of knowledge
ØAcross many different areas (i.e., fishing, health, art)
what are the 2 types of ways to measure intelligence?
• Alfret Binet
ØThe first person to develop a measure of intelligence
• Predictive value - Performance
what does measuring intelligence entail and how is it done?
A measure that compares your performance with the performance of individuals of different ages
ØChronological age
ØMental age
ØIntelligence quotient (IQ): A numerical value of intelligence
what are the 3 methods used to measure intelligence in animals?
- Language (sign language)
* Self-awareness (the mirror test/the mark test) • Theory of mind,morality and cooperation
what are the 2 ways to enhance intelligence?
-Biological basis of general intelligence
ØThe anatomy and functioning of the frontal lobes
ØBetter neural connections
-Environmental enrichment
ØIntellectual stimulation
ØAssistance in parenting
ØEducational day care
are human becoming more intelligent?
The Flynn Effect
ØAverage scores on intelligence tests have been increasing for several generations
what are the factors that Flynn effect states in terms of intelligence?
o Improvements in nutrition and health
o Increases in level of education
o Environmental complexity
